Aryan Myth and Metahistory

A Dream of the Reawakening of the English Folk

2012-01-21T12:06:00.005+01:00

This morning I had a very interesting and what I feel to be a significant dream about the future of Wodenism in England.
My dream commenced with me viewing an online video of a Woden`s Folk event on my computer at work surrounded by other people who took an interest in what I was viewing.
The video overwhelmingly featured children dressed in red and white costumes and wearing horned helmets.
The scene of the dream then switched to me attending a very large meeting of folkish Wodenists who had gathered from all over England to celebrate England Day or as it is more commonly known-St. George`s Day. There were hundreds of people-all white and all English who came to gather in what was a carnival type of atmosphere. It was a sunny and happy day. I remember saying to a bystander, an old man with a beard "how proud people are of being English".
Coaches of people were arriving but most of these people were old people and I remarked to someone that "these people were probably not Woden`s Folk" but nevertheless were gathering to celebrate this special day.
Significantly there were old people and children who were predominant in this dream. This large number of old people are representative of our ancestors, the children being our descendants, signifying an unbroken genetic link between the past and the future. Our ancient Wodenic religion was being revived and was growing in popularity. The red and white costumes signify the colours of the English Cross flag and the White Dragon flag. The children`s horned helmets represent our Germanic heritage. The coaches signify a communal experience and means of getting to our ultimate destination and achieving our shared goal.
I believe this dream to be prophetic and I cannot help but draw a link between this and the coming referendum on Scottish independance. Freed of Scotland England and the ethnic English people will once again regain their Germanic English identity and proudly reassert this again in the world.
England`s premier Wodenist organisation, Woden`s Folk may be found on http://www.wodensfolk.org.uk/

The Volsunga Saga, Heroism and Blood Purity

2012-01-04T12:29:00.005+01:00

One frequently hears non-folkish heathens making silly statements to the effect that our ancestors welcomed foreigners and did not discriminate against other races and indeed had no concept of race.
Let me address the first two opinions first. Our pre-christian Aryo-Germanic ancestors had a loyalty to their family, their clan, their tribe and their ethnic group[and by extension race]. In those times different Germanic peoples were able to communicate with each other with little difficulty. Any one who has studied Old English and Icelandic which is closely related to Old Norse will agree with me on that point. They recognised a kinship of blood, language and common religion.
Our ancestors fiercely defended the territories that they occupied from foreign invaders-unlike their feminised descendants today who bend over backwards to admit the most racially diverse peoples to invade their lands, squander their resources and impregnate their women. How different modern effeminate and metrosexual man is compared to his heroic forefathers. Even their foremothers had more balls than they.

Ancient man, not just Germanic man recognised racial differences and this subject is explored in great detail in Race in Ancient Egypt & The Old Testament by A.H. Sayce and R. Peterson. A study of ancient Egyptian art settles that question once and for all.
I would like to draw your attention to a very interesting segment from The Volsunga Saga, translated by William Morris, the first English translation from 1907:

`Then spake Volsung the king, "All people and nations shall tell of the word I spake, yet being unborn, wherein I vowed a vow that I would flee in fear from neither fire nor the sword; even so have I done hitherto, and shall I depart therefrom now I am old? Yea withal never shall the maidens mock these my sons at the games, and cry out at them that they fear death; once alone must all men need die, and from that season shall none escape; so my rede it is that we flee nowhither, but do the work of our hands in as manly wise as we may; a hundred fights have I fought and whiles I had more, and whiles I had less, and yet ever had I the victory, nor shall it ever be heard tell of me that I fled away or prayed for peace."`

These brave words were spoken by Volsung, great grandson of Woden to his daughter Signy, the mother of Sinfjotli by her brother Sigmund. Volsung and his sons lived and died by these words of heroism at the hands of their enemy Siggeir, king of Gothland and the husband of Signy.

By contrast today`s Germanic man is certainly not an heroic type. This may in part be due to the loss of the best blood of our race in two needless world wars for the cause of zionism. Another important factor is that Aryo-Germanic man has been systematically made to feel guilt for his race, a guilt first initiated by Judeo-Christianity and then further intensified by the holohaux by the Jews. Even today Germanic Englishmen will willingly enter the service of the zionist regime that runs this country but shirks from defending his land from the aliens who are breaking in here and are already here, raping and looting at will whyilst Aryo-Germanic man looks on emasculated, afraid to call a spade a spade and afraid of his own shadow.
Isreal is more important to him than the survival of his own folk, land and race.

One by one Sigmund`s nine brothers were killed by a she-wolf, reckoned by some to be the troll-wife of King Siggeir. Sigmund survives and for years whilst living underground and living by his wits his sister Signy presents her two sons to him to act as a help-mate but they prove to have inherited their father Siggeir`s bad, ignoble and cowardly blood. Recognising that personal qualities and human characteristics are transmitted by the blood or what we would now call DNA Signy changed outward form and mates with her brother producing a fine and heroic child and his name was Sinfjotli and he proves to be 100% Volsung, which of course he was, being more Volsung than either of his fine parents.
This demonstrates that our ancient Germanic Woden honouring ancestors acknowledged the power of genetic transmission and the importance of blood purity. This is a lesson for modern day Aryo-Germanic man. I hope that it is a lesson that it is not too late for him to yet learn!

Finland Resurrects the Holy Swastika

2012-01-03T13:35:00.003+01:00

Taken from National Journal website:

In 2005 the Finnish Air Force decided to re-instate the age-old Aryan emblem and symbol of life, the "Hakaristi" , which is the Finnish name for “Hakenkreuz” (Swastika). Naturally, the holy Aryan symbol also stands as a protective sentinel over the Finnish Air Force colleges. Recently Swastika standards have been proudly carried at the head of military processions, accompanied by the sound of marching music. Besides that, the uniforms of the Finnish Air Force are almost identical to those of the German Air Force during WW2. Don't forget that Finland and the German Reich were allies in WW2.

The Swastika is the symbol of light against the forces of darkness. It is seen as Marduk’s symbol of good, the bright sign of the Aryan gods, from prehistoric Mesopotamian times to resists the powers of evil, inherent in the banner of Yahweh.

On their trek northward the Aryans carried the sign of the divine presence into our regions. In this way they erected a bastion impenetrable to Yahweh for several millennia. Later, when the Aryans spread as far afield as India, their unique sacred symbol went with them. The swastika is their most sacred symbol of the Hindus and their religion, as descendants of the Aryandom, the sign of the god Vishnu. Even in Germany today, no Indian wedding is celebrated without the sign of the Swastika, if the celebrants are Hindus.

The representatives of Yahweh, corrupted and changed the original Christian message and by this means that the rulers of darkness gained ground once again in the north.

We need your support bringing knowledge to the people. Thank you very much.

World Jewry declared war on Germany on 24th March 1933, only one day after the installment of Adolf Hitler in the German Reichstag following his election by democratically means. In reality the foremost reason for the declaration of war was the resurrection of the feared and hated Aryan symbol: "The appearance of the Swastika symbol of a new Germany has called forth the Lion of Judah, the old battle symbol of Jewish defiance."

Jews fear that the Swastika is [as deadly] to Yaweh as the cross is to a vampire. A vampire turns to dust at the sight of a cross, a similar thing happens to Yaweh when a swastika suddenly towers before him.

ZION 2012-The Year of Slaughter

2012-01-01T14:59:00.001+01:00

Readers of my blogs will be aware by now of the blatant zionist symbolism present in the 2012 olympic games symbol and the incident it created last year with Iran`s refusal to participate in the games due to this symbol. You will also recall David Cameron-Levita`s response and his defence of the illegal rogue terrorist state of Israel.
Could the prophecy of Nostradumus relating to the games of slaughter be a reference to ZION 2012 and will this prophecy be fulfilled this year? The British government is clearly not taking any chances with its use of the army and surface to air missiles to protect the games. Will the olympic games coincide with Israel`s and the NWO`s coming war against Iran?
By using this blatantly zionist symbol Britain is flying its colours on the zionist side and is thus both a danger and an enemy to the indigenous Aryan peoples of this country.
When the war against Iran-the land of the Aryans commences whose side will you be cheering for, zionist Britain and the illegal Jewish state of Israel or the land of the Aryans?
This war in effect has already begun in both cyber space and in the form of CIA operatives blowing up military installations in Iran, something which is going unreported in the zionist cotrolled western media. But moreover the war has also begun in other dimensions-spiritual dimensions included and this conflict will represent the age old cosmic war between the Aryan sons of light-the solar race and the followers of the semitic demiurge.
If anyone watched the New Year celebrations in London this morning they will have heard the overt reference to the 2012 olympic games. Indeed for a while now it has become impossible to avoid references to this and the zionist symbol which is having a negative effect of the collective psyche of the masses. No doubt the ubiquitous display of this symbol is having an effect in softening the herd for the next "war on terror" by the peace loving governents of the UK and USA and the collective amnesia about the previous lies for a pretext of war against middleeastern countries will be forgotten.
It should be noted that the logo is the design of the Jewish `brand consultancy` known as Wolff Olins. The firm was established in 1965 by Michael Wolff and Wally Olins, Jews who are renown for their Illuminati type designs. The creation of this logo was no accident. Firms like this put a lot of thought into their designs and it is beyond belief that they did not see the obvious. Anyone interested in learning more about this company need only do a search on the Internet. The marketing world is dominated by Jews and the powerful influence of marketing and thus of Jews should not be underestimated.
The question is, when will the world wake up to the activities of the `chosen people` and do something about it? Only when this question is resolved will we be able to deal with the invasion of our sacred Aryan lands by the alien hordes and the traitors and self-haters of our own race who are actively working for our destruction.

A Folkish Connection Between the Runes Ingwaz and Othala

2011-12-31T14:11:00.002+01:00

During my recent meditations and rune work I have reflected on the runes Ingwaz/Ing and Othala/Ethel/Odal.
There is a clear similarity between the shapes of the Common Germanic Ingwaz and Othala. Othala appears to be an extension of Ingwaz. Often where there is a similarity in shape between two runes there is a connection of similar meaning.
Ingwaz or Ing as it was known to the Anglo-Saxons was dedicated to the God of the English-Ing, a fertility God who was probably one of the Vanir. Indeed scholars draw a connection between Him and Freyr, surnaming Him as Yngvi-Freyr, the ancestor of the Swedish royal dynasty. The Germanic Ingvaeones also take their name from Him.
It could very well be that Ing as a deity is far older than Freyr and Freyr simply adopted the functions and attributes of the more ancient deity. This was a common practice amongst the Aryan peoples. The Ingvaeones were a West Germanic alliance of peoples dwelling on the North Sea coast who more than likely took memories of their God with them when they participated in the great Germanic invasion and colonisation of what eventually became England from the mid 5th century CE onwards. Using folk etymology we could ascribe Ing as being the father of the Inglish-English. He was a son of the great Germanic earth God Mannus[Aryo-Indian Manu]and consequently is an earth and fertility God Himself. Mannus also has His own rune but this article is not the place to explore this further.

[Ing] was first, among the East-Danes,
seen by men
until he again eastward[or "back"]
went over the wave;
the wain followed on;
this is what the warriors
called the hero.

[The Runecaster`s Handbook The Well of Wyrd by Edred Thorsson]

Othala as I said is an extension in form of Ingwaz and has the general meaning of ancestral land or property. One can extend this meaning further and include inborn qualities and the very nature and essence of Germanic man. It was for these reasons that the Third Reich adopted the Odal form of this rune to signify agriculture and the concept of Blut und Boden[blood and soil]and thus ancestral inheritance, an inheritance that can only be transmitted by the virtue of the blood and unblemished blood at that. It is therefore the rune of the family, clan, tribe, Volk[folk]and ancestral or genetic inheritance.

Estate] is very dear
to every man,
if he can enjoy what is right
and according to custom
in his dwelling,
most often in prosperity.

[Runecaster`s Handbook The Well of Wyrd by Edred Thorsson]

The Old English version of the name-ethel is associated with the concept of the atheling, the noble. As we know nobility can only be transmitted by the blood. It is an inborn concept although in the times of chilvary those who were not of noble birth could be elevated to the status of knight and after several generations of good selective breeding would become noble in both blood, deed and character. The German noun Adel has the same meaning and Adel or its equivalent is a prefix in many traditional German and English forenames.
The Othala rune has two clear parts two it-the upper shape which resembles Ingwaz and thus the inner garth and the lower staves which signify the outer garth.
The seed of Ingwaz must be allowed to germinate safely in the protective inner garth, safe from any dangers and allowed to grow and be transformed and thus released into the outer garth where it may act and achieve great deeds in middle earth[midgard or middle garth] and achieve its full physical and spiritual potential. This is the interaction and dynamic that exists between Ingwaz and Othala.

The lore of the Aryo-Germanic peoples teaches us very clearly that noble characteristics are transmitted by blood and the evidence of these characteristics,ie heroic deeds is the material that furnishes the myths and legends of our great Germanic heroes such as Siegfried/Sigurd, Dietrich and Beowulf etc.
Thus we must safeguard our blood whether this be from the perils of war, famine or natural calamities or from the dangers of mscegenation. In a sense the other dangers can in the long run strengthen a people but miscegenation ultimately destroys it and is a `sin` against one`s ancestors and even more so against one`s descendants.
It is this very danger that our folk needs to guard itself against today when our governments actively work for the genocide of our race.

The Last Death Rattle of Zionism and the Reinstitution of Germanic Forms of Punishment

2011-12-24T12:38:00.001+01:00

The days of this post-christian `western civilisation` are coming fast to a close and I believe that 2012 will have accelerated the process dramatically. One only needs to consider the events of 2011 to realise that the old aeon is quickly dying. Global capitalism is fast drawing its last breath and the grip of zionism is beginning to weaken.

2012 will mark the last death rattle of zionism`s hold upon the world. It is no coincidence that the 2012 Olympics has the word `ZION` incorporated into it, no doubt as a means of hypnotising the masses. The symbol has appeared on all sorts of advertising in the last few years and on products that have absolutely nothing to do with sport. This is the last ditch attempt by zionism to maintain its iron grip upon the world.

The year of the great seventh number accomplished,

it will appear at the time of the games of slaughter,

not far from the age of the great millennium,

when the dead will come out of their graves.

[Prophecies of Nostradamus, Centuries 10-74]

Will 2012 be the "games of slaughter"? 10 Downing Street seem to think so and to counter any terrorist threat they intend to involve the army and surface to air missiles. The only other country to my knowledge to have gone so far with security is the Peoples` Republic of China in 2008.

The fat bloated hook-nosed zionists and their fundamentalist christian lapdogs who currently control the world are fast facing their nemesis and there will be a time of chaos-chaos amongst peoples and in nature.

For many decades a secret Aryan elite have been training themselves all over Europe and the European colonised world to take over in such a power vacuum. In those days christianity will have finally experienced its last death rattle and will succumb to old age and death.

Once again the Aryan peoples will honour their ancient Gods. I see no reason at all why this should not be accompanied by occasional human sacrifice. There is `life in the blood` and an energy that can revive and awaken our sleeping Gods. As in the days of yore we should punish those who break our sacred laws with death.
It was the custom of our ancestors to offer the lives of degenerates-sodomites, traitors and murderers of the innocents to the Gods.

This would help to accomplish two goals-the punishment and removal from society of those who have no place within it and secondly a means to give honour to the Gods who would gain a form of sustenance from their offering.
For far too long heathens have been portrayed in the media as `fluffy bunnies` and `tree huggers` but there is a section of us who do not come under this label and take our heathenism with deadly seriousness.

What I propose is the following in the coming post-christian [based on warped christian ideals], post capitalist and post-`democratic` age when current law will cease to exist:

The sacrifice of

1.Traitors whether these be they who betray their race by polluting the blood or those who betray their tribe.

2.Child murderers.

3.Rapists.

4.Sexual degenerates such as sodomites.

5.Those who break into our territory. Today we would call these illegal immigrants.

The method of execution would be by hanging. In pre-christian times the dead were hanged as an offering to Woden and usually this took place at a crossroads which symbolised the intersection of the world of men[Midgard] with other worlds which are normally not visible to us.
One name of the God Woden was Hangatyr-the God of the hanged. Woden would often converse with the dying at that point which lies between life and death in order to gain secret knowledge.

Sacrifice to the Gods would have the benefit of instilling awe and respect for our Gods in the minds of the masses, driving out any last vestige of thought for the Nazarene and would be a convenient way of cleansing society of those degenerate elements who currently infest it.

Another form of punishment which is less drastic than hanging would be the pronouncement of being made an utlaga, where the utlaga or outlaw would be banished from the clan or tribal lands and would be fair game for anyone who chanced upon him. Only by his wits would he or she survive as they would not be allowed any assistance from the folk.

A third practice which should be reinstituted would be the blood feud where kin would be able to take revenge for any loss that they suffered whether this be loss of life, maiming of the body or loss of material wealth.

Matters of honour would once again be settled by the duel and trial by combat would help determine right from wrong.

All of these forms of punishment can only be instituted in a post-christian, post-democratic and post-capitalist society and when the masses finally see that the underman is no longer the determiner of the direction of society.

Fosite/Forseti-a Prototype of Thunor?

2011-12-23T13:40:00.001+01:00

The Frisian God Fosite possessed an axe and it was He who was considered the law giver and judge of the Frisian tribes. His temple is called Axenshowe. It is possible that this Fosite is the same deity referred to in the Norse Eddas as Forseti, the son of Baldr and Nanna, whose residence was Glitnir. He is represented in the Eddas as a God who settles disputes.
Alcuin in the 8th century CE refers to an island called Fositesland, situated between Frisia and Denmark and named in honour of the God who was worshipped there.
Fosite`s Nordic counterpart Forseti is mentioned once in the Elder Edda and four times in the Younger Edda.

"Glitnir is the tenth, it has golden buttresses,
and likewise is roofed with silver;
and there lives Forseti most days
and puts to sleep all quarrels."

[Grimnismal 15]

"There is a hall called Glitnir, it is held up by golden pillars
and likewise roofed with silver. There Forseti dwells most
days and settles disputes."

[Gylfaginning]

"Then the Aesir instituted their banquet and twelve Aesir who were to be judges took their places in their thrones and their names are as follows: Thor, Niord, Freyr, Tyr, Heimdall, Bragi, Vidar, Vali, Ull, Haenir, Forseti, Loki;....."

[Skaldskaparmal]

"How shall Baldr be referred to? By calling him son of Odin and Frigg, husband of Nanna, father of Forseti,......"

[Skaldskaparmal]

"Yet shall be listed names of Aesir. There is Ygg and Thor and Yngvi-Freyr, Vidar and Baldr, Vali and Heimdall. Then there is Tyr and Niord, I list Bragi next, Hod,Forseti. Here is Loki last."

[Skaldskaparmal]

There are no adventures ascribed to Him in the Eddas which gives the impression that he may have been a `minor` God, if there can be such a thing! An alternative explanation is that he represents the image of a very ancient God. We should not forget that not a great deal is mentioned about the God Tyr in the Eddas but we know that He is a much older deity than Woden and once occupied the chief seat amongst the Gods. So it is quite possible that Forseti or Fosite was eclipsed by another God. If this is the case then who could this God have been?

My guess is that He is Thunor, Forseti`s uncle. This is not so unusual as one may think. Tyr who was once senior to Woden and probably existed at a time when Woden didn`t and yet nevertheless was relegated in the Eddas to being his `son`. We see a similar thing happening with Forseti becoming the nephew of Thunor although He may have been a much older deity.
Fosite, the God of the Frisians who made up part of the Anglo-Saxon tribes like Forseti was a God of justice as the legends surrounding the origin of the Lex Frisionum [Law of the Frisians]makes clear:

Wishing to assemble written lawcodes for all his subject peoples, Charlemagne summoned twelve representatives of the Frisian people, the Āsegas ('law-speakers'), and demanded they recite their people's laws. When they could not do so after several days, he let them choose between death, slavery, or being set adrift in a rudderless boat. They chose the last and prayed for help, whereupon a thirteenth man appeared, with a golden axe on his shoulder. He steered the boat to land with the axe, then threw it ashore; a spring appeared where it landed. He taught them laws and then disappeared.The stranger and the spring are identified with Fosite and the sacred spring of Fositesland.

In addition to being both Gods of justice and having similar names Fosite carries an axe and as previous articles on my Aryan Myth and Metahistory and Celto-Germanic Culture, Myth and History blogs make clear the axe was the prototype of the hammer of the Thunder God in both Germanic and Indo-European mythology. Thus there is a link between Him and the Thunder God Thunor. Also applying the practice of folk etymology there is also a link between the name of Thor and Foresti.
The judge`s or chairman`s gavel has its origins in the hammer or axe of this God of justice as alluded to in the writings of Rune Master and Ariosophist Guido von List.
Interestingly the reference to the twelve Asegas has a parallel with the 12 Aesir-the major male Gods that is who sat in judgement at the well of Urd each day.

I believe that the legend regarding Fosite and the Asegas is the remnant of a very ancient story preserved amongst the Frisians and reveals an earlier phase of Thunor as His wielding of an axe rather than a hammer indicates.

Wotans Krieger Supports Russia Today

2011-12-18T13:05:00.005+01:00

Wotans Krieger supports Russia Today[RT] which is available on both Freeview and at this website:

http://rt.com

A refreshing change to the NWO propaganda broadcast daily on the likes of BBC, Sky News and CNN!

Shambhala in Russia

2011-12-18T12:46:00.004+01:00

Taken from the Pravda website.
We are beginning to more and more evidence for the existence of the ancient Aryans in Russia and this along with the discovery of the ancient Aryan city of Arkaim should give us Aryanists much food for thought in how we think of Mother Russia:

Republic of Karelia that is celebrating 90th anniversary as an administrative unit is famous not only with its ancient legends but also with interesting archeological findings discovered in this northern area.

In the early 1900s, Europe was discussing ancient petroglyphs – writings found by famous Russian poet Nikolai Gumilyov on the rocks of Karelia.

As many representatives of Russian intelligentsia, Gumilyov was interested in history and geography and enjoyed traveling. In 1904 he explored Kuzovsky archipelago on the White Sea.

He heard about Stone Book that allegedly contained information about ancient times and clues to the location of the mysterious Mu country where the ancestors of the Northern and, probably, Slavic tribes came from.

The first mentioning of Mu goes back to the 4th century BC. The texts said it was located to the West of Egyptian Kingdom and could be reached by water. The place was sad to have a sanctuary of Ra, god of the sun. Captions to pictures mentioned a huge lake where a sea path led.

There is information that Alexander of Macedon went to the land of Mu to obtain some sacred knowledge. He was headed to Pamir where Scythian tribes lived.

According to contemporary research, the Scythians were the ancestors of the ancient Aryans populating the larger part of Slavic lands at some point in time. According to one theory, the Aryans came from Africa and populated the North, another one says they originated from Siberia but had to move South because of adverse climate.
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The Aryans represented a highly developed civilization. Some believe that they have built the famous Egyptian pyramids. Meanwhile pyramid-like structures can be found in middle Russia, in the Crimea, Siberia and the Urals. Researchers claim they are significantly older than Egyptian pyramids.

Nikolai Roerich also thought that mysterious land of Mu was located in the North of Russia. He once thought that the “huge lake” described in writings was Ladoga. The Aryans could get there by ships across the Mediterranean Sea.

The source discovered by Roerich talked about Phoebus, the Aryans leader. Phoebus (Sun in Greek) was considered a god. According to a legend he was the arch-father of all Aryans and had a gift of eternal life.

Phoebus and his supporters were looking for the entrance to Shambhala, an underground dwelling of gods where the Stone Book is kept, a compilation of spiritual wisdom of ancient people. The Aryans under Phoebus’s guidance made gigantic writings on the wall continuing the texts of the Stone Book.

Some petroglyphic drawings show animals, birds, fish and hunters. Others show figures that scientists think may represent celestial bodies. There are some images of strange creatures. Researchers believe many petroglyphs represent sacred symbols linked to ancient cultures. They are yet to interpret them.

Nikolai Roerich thought that the land of Mu was the sacred land of Shambhala where the Aryan god was headed and which he had searched for his entire life. The explorer had no luck looking for the entrance to Shambhala on Karelia’s Valaam Island.

Alexei Popov, a historian and co-chair of Karelia regional non-profit Rasea told Pravda.ru about other curious archeological discoveries made in the Northern territory.

“Karelia is famous with its seitas. This word means “divinity” and, according to geographers and ethnologists it represents cult rocks, artificial stone pyramids, and ritual handmade stone structures. Karelian Lapps believed that the souls of the dead were reincarnated in rocks. The rocks could also serve as indicators or separators.

During an expedition we discovered a huge bolder 30 miles from the city of Kem placed on a stone podium. There was a crack between the bolder and the support, and the wind blowing through the crack made song-like sounds.

The tonality of the sound changed depending on the strength of the wind and position of the bolder on the podium. This “singing rock” might have served as a pagan sanctuary of the ancient Lapps.”

Margarita Troitsina
Pravda.Ru

David Cameron and His Judaeo-Xtian Values and Where He Can Stick Them!

2011-12-18T11:28:00.004+01:00

"Vaguely practising christian" David Levita-Cameron is appealing for the Church of England to "lead a return to the moral code of the bible".
I wonder if he is only "vaguely practising" because of his pride for his jewish roots and "jewish values"?
This message will be music to the ears of the bible bashing minority within England who would gladly see `heretics` burned at the stake but fortunately because England is no longer a christian country their wishes and perverted fantasies will not become a reality any day soon!
Indeed it is christianity and its life-denying doctrines that have brought about the perilous state that this country has been in since the forced conversion of our ancestors over the last 1300 years or so.
It is christianity or christinsanity which has made the Aryan peoples weak, that has induced notions of false guilt and self-hatred. One need look no further than the pitiful modern generation of Germans. We should not forget that the majority of these are the descendants of cowards and traitors who gladly welcomed the British and American invaders in 1945 and who have ever since adopted `western values`. Like their Germanic brethren the English they are busy race-mixing themselves out of existence or opening their borders to all the scum of the earth who subsequently leech off the welfare states of these countries and shriek about their `equal rights`.
It is christinsanity which has demonised not only our Gods but the Aryan martial spirit and self-pride that is part of our racial character. Christinsanity has corrupted and weakened the soul of the Aryan race and must be rooted out like the cancer that it is. Then and only then will our people have the balls to resist the aien occupation of our sacred Aryan lands by the most diverse and unwanted parasites that have come here from all of the planet but also the corrupt and anti-Aryan `western values` will be rooted out and extinguished.
When our people awaken it will be the most tremendous storm that our lands have ever experienced and then woe betide the treasonous politicians that have betrayed us.
They will be legally tried by peoples` courts and if found guilty the hangman`s noose will be their fate. They will be given as offerings to our God Woden, their remains to be left to the raven and other carrion birds as a reminder to the masses how traitors to their race should be dealt with.
Parliament will then be bulldozed and in its place a people`s Witan who will act as an advisory council for the coming Strong One from Above. The concept of the career politician who is little more than a political prostitute will have no place in the coming Aryan state, a state that we will create according to our own image and in accordance with our own will. It will be our servant and not the other way around.
Just as there will be no place for the political scum class so there will be no place left for the financial parasite-the banksters who leech off the life blood of the Aryan peoples. They will be given 48 hours to leave the country or face the justice of the people`s courts and the inevitable penalty for traitors.
Capitalism and usury will cease to exist and thus there will be no gainful employment left for that cosmopolitan tribe who will be given free plane tickets back to their place of origin.
We will have no need for identity cards for one`s appearance for the colour of one`s skin and other racial features will be the only proof of identity that will be required.
2011 will be rembered as the year of global revolutions and riots. Think not that it ends now for this is merely the opening salvo in a war of cosmic significance that has been going on for centuries!

The Importance of Wearing Aryan Symbols to Awaken the Collective Racial Unconscious

2011-12-11T13:27:00.005+01:00

This article should be read in conjunction with The Use of Holy Symbols in the Manipulation of the Collective Unconscious posted on 5/6/10 on this blog.
As mentioned in my previous article: "A symbol is worth a thousand words for it is a means for direct communication with the Collective Unconscious in the same way that a trance or a dream can be viwed as a portal to this world. The Unconscious uses a different form of language than the Conscious and at the same time is a deep reservoir of ancestral and ancient racial archetypes and imagery

Even though on an intellectual level the person who sees the sacred symbol may only partially understand or not understand at all its significance nevertheless the Collective Unconscious in the right hemisphere of the brain will resonate with the symbol and recover buried images and archetypes long thought to be lost. However in the Collective as well as the Personal Unconscious nothing is ever truly lost.

The racially aware folkish Wodenist or practitioner of some other alternative Aryan path should on a daily basis give witness to his beliefs/Weltanschauung via the wearing of sacred symbols. In the Wodenist/Wotanist/Odinist religions these symbols could include the following:

.The Hammer of Thor/Thunor/Donar

.The Axe, symbolic of both the Battle Ax wielding Aryans and the prototype and alternative to the Hammer of Thor. This symbol is also worn by the followers of other Aryan thunder Gods such as Perun.

.The Swastika/Fylfot, Solar Wheel, Trefot.

.The Black Sun/Schwarze Sonne.

.The Spear of Woden/Wotan/Odin, named Gungnir.

.The Valknut.

.Runic pendants.

This is just a selection of some obvious examples. Blievers may wish to use other symbols such as miniture images of the Gods and Goddesses. Tattoos are another valuable source of presenting sacred images. Our Aryan ancestors definitely practised this ancient art. We have evidence for this from the Toacharian mummies found in the Tarim Basin in China and the Iceman, Oetzi. These tattoos appears to have a religious or spiritual significance. I have a number of such tattoos on my arms.
Whilst one may argue that sacred symbols should be hidden away from profane view out of respect for the symbols or what they represent we have an urgent need to spiritually reawaken our people-or those of them that have the capacity to be awakened from their long dream-like slumber. Without a spiritual awakening our folk and race may ultimately perish and the world along with it.
On a personal basis my wearing of the Hammer of Thor has prompted people that I encounter to ask me questions about the Hammer and what it signifies for me. This helps to sow the seed in the mind of the enquirer which may even after may years grow and eventually bear fruit. Currently I am wearing a runic axe as I feel that this symbol resonates with me on both a racial and spiritual level. It is both the symbol of the axe wielding Aryans to be found throughtout Europe and further afield and the prototype for the Hammer or Axe-Hammer of our thunder God Thor and his fellow Aryan equivalents.

Spread of Aryan Haplogroups

2011-12-03T14:24:00.000+01:00

[Taken from Eupedia]

R1b is the most common haplogroup in Western Europe, reaching over 80% of the population in Ireland, the Scottish Highlands, western Wales, the Atlantic fringe of France and the Basque country. It is also common in Anatolia and around the Caucasus, in parts of Russia and in Central and South Asia. Besides the Atlantic and North Sea coast of Europe, hotspots include the Po valley in north-central Italy (over 70%), the Ossetians of the North Caucasus (over 40%) and nearby Armenia (35%), the Bashkirs of the Urals region of Russia (50%), Turkmenistan (over 35%), the Hazara people of Afghanistan (35%), the Uyghurs of North-West China (20%) and the Newars of Nepal (11%). R1b-V88, a subclade specific to sub-Saharan Africa, is found in 60 to 95% of men in northern Cameroon.

Anatolian or Caucasian origins ?

The origins of R1b are not entirely clear to this day. Some of the oldest forms of R1b are found in the Near East and around the Caucasus. Haplogroup R1* and R2* might have originated in southern Central Asia (between the Caspian and the Hindu Kush). A branch of R1 would have developed into R1b* then R1b1* in the northern part of the Middle East during the Ice Age. It presumptively moved to northern Anatolia and across the Caucasus during the early Neolithic, where it became R1b1b. The Near Eastern leftovers evolved into R1b1a (M18), now found at low frequencies among the Lebanese and the Druze.The Phoenicians (who came from modern day Lebanon) spread this R1b1a and R1b1* to their colonies, notably Sardinia and the Maghreb.

The subclades R1b1b1 and R1b1b2 (the most common form in Europe) are closely associated with the spread of Indo-European languages, as attested by its presence in all regions of the world where Indo-European languages were spoken in ancient times, from the Atlantic coast of Europe to the Indian subcontinent, including almost all Europe (except Finland and Bosnia-Herzegovina), Anatolia, Armenia, Europan Russia, southern Siberia, many pockets around Central Asia (notably Xinjiang, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan), without forgetting Iran, Pakistan, India and Nepal. The history of R1b and R1a are intricately connected to each others. Whereas R1b1 is found is such places as the Levant or Cameroon, R1b1b mostly likely originated in north-eastern Anatolia.

The North Caucasus and the Pontic-Caspian steppe : the Indo-European link

Modern linguists have placed the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the Pontic-Caspian steppe, a distinct geographic and archeological region extending from the Danube estuary to the Ural mountains to the east and North Caucasus to the south. The Neolithic, Eneolithic and early Bronze Age cultures in Pontic-Caspian steppe has been called the Kurgan culture (7000-2200 BCE) by Marija Gimbutas, due to the lasting practice of burying the deads under mounds ("kurgan") among the succession of cultures in that region. Horses were first domesticated around 4000 BCE in the steppe, perhaps somewhere around the Don or the lower Volga, and soon became a defining element of steppe culture. During the Bronze-age period, known as the Yamna horizon (3300-2500 BCE), the cattle and sheep herders adopted wagons to transport their food and tents, which allowed them to move deeper into the steppe, giving rise to a new mobile lifestyle that would eventually lead to the great Indo-European migrations.

The Pontic-Caspian steppe cultures can be divided in a western group, ranging from the Don River to the Dniester (and later Danube), and an eastern one, in the Volga-Ural region. The Pontic steppe was probably inhabited by men of mixed R1a and R1b lineages, with higher densities of R1b just north of the Caucasus, and more R1a in the the northern steppes and the forest-steppes.

R1b almost certainly crossed over from northern Anatolia to the Pontic-Caspian steppe. It is not clear whether this happened before, during or after the Neolithic. A regular flow of R1b across the Caucasus cannot be excluded either. The genetic diversity of R1b being greater around the Caucasus, it is hard to deny that R1b settled and evolved there before entering the steppe world. Does that mean that Indo-European languages originated in the steppes with R1a people, and that R1b immigrants blended into the established culture ? Or that Proro-Indo-European language appear in northern Anatolia or in the Caucasus, then spread to the steppes with R1b ? Or else did Proro-Indo-European first appear in the steppe as a hybrid language of Caucasian/Anatolian R1b and steppe R1a ? This question has no obvious answer, but based on the antiquity and archaic character of the Anatolian branch (Hittite, Palaic, Luwian, Lydian, and so on) an northern Anatolian origin of Proto-Indo-European is credible. Furthermore, there is documented evidence of loan words from Caucasian languages in Indo-European languages. This is much more likely to have happened if Proto-Indo-European developed near the Caucasus than in the distant steppes. R1b would consequently have been the spreading factor of PIE to the steppes, and from there to Europe, Central Asia and South Asia.

The Maykop culture, the R1b link to the steppe ?

The Maykop culture (3700-2500 BCE), in the North Caucasus, was culturally speaking a sort of southern extension of the Yamna horizon. Although not generally considered part of the Pontic-Caspian steppe culture due to its geography, the North Caucasus had close links with the steppe, as attested by numerous ceramics, gold, copper and bronze weapons and jewelry in the contemporaneous cultures of Mikhaylovka, Sredny Stog and Kemi Oba. The link between the North Pontic and North Caucasus is older than the Maykop period. Its predecessor, the Svobodnoe culture (4400-3700 BCE), already had links to the Suvorovo-Novodanilovka and early Sredny Stog cultures, and the even older Nalchik settlement (5000-4500 BCE) displayed a similar culture as Khvalynsk on the Volga. This may be the period when R1b started interracting and blending with the R1a population of the steppes.

The Yamna and Maykop people both used kurgan burials, with their deads in a supine position with raised knees and oriented in a north-east/south-west axis. Graves were sparkled with red ochre on the floor, and sacrificed dometic animal buried alongside humans. They also had in common horse riding, wagons, a cattle- and sheep-based economy, the use of copper/bronze battle-axes (both hammer-axes and sleeved axes) and tanged daggers. In fact, the oldest wagons and bronze artefacts are found in the North Caucasus, and spread from there to the steppes.

Maykop was an advanced Bronze Age culture, actually one of the very first to develop metalworking, and therefore metal weapons. The world's oldest sword was found at a late Maykop grave in Klady kurgan 31. Its style is reminiscent of the long Celtic swords, though less elaborated. Horse bones and depictions of horses already appear in early Maykop graves, suggesting that the Maykop culture might have been founded by steppe people or by people who had close link with them. However, the presence of cultural elements radically different from the steppe culture in some sites could mean that Maykop had a hybrid population. Without DNA testing it is impossible to say if these two populations were an Anatolian R1b group and a G2a Caucasian group, or whether R1a people had settled there two. The two or three etnicities might even have cohabited side by side in different settlements. Typical Caucasian Y-DNA lineages (such as G2a) do not follow the pattern of Indo-European migrations, so intermarriages must have been limited, or at least restricted to Indo-European men taking Caucasian wives rather than the other way round.

Maykop people are the ones credited for the introduction of primitive wheeled vehicles (wagons) from Mesopotamia to the steppes. This would revolutionise the way of life in the steppe, and would later lead to the development of (horse-drawn) war chariots around 2000 BCE. Cavalry and chariots played an vital role in the subsequent Indo-European migrations, allowing them to move quickly and defeat easily anybody they encountered. Combined with advanced bronze weapons and their sea-based culture, the western branch (R1b) of the Indo-Europeans from the Black Sea shores are excellent candidates for being the mysterious Sea Peoples, who raided the eastern shores of the Mediterranean during the second millennium BCE.

The rise of the IE-speaking Hittites in Central Anatolia happened a few centuries after the disappearance of the Maykop culture. A back migration from the North Caucasus to northern Anatolia is very likely in this age of expansion. What is certain is that the Hittites used chariots, invented in the Volga-Ural steppes. R1a being found a low frequencies in Armenia and northern Anatolia, it is not unreasonable to imagine that a hybrid group of R1a-R1b from the Volga-Ural region migrated to this region sometime between 2000 BCE and 1650 BCE. The Maykop and Yamna cultures were succeeded by the Srubna culture (1600-1200 BCE), possibly representing an advance of R1a1a people from the northern and eastern steppes towards the Black Sea shores.

The European branch

The Indo-Europeans' bronze weapons and horses would have given them a tremendous advantage over the autochthonous inhabitants of Europe, namely the native haplogroup I (descendant of Cro-Magnon), and the early Neolithic herders and farmers (G2a, J2, E-V13 and T). This allowed R1a and R1b to replace (=> see How did R1b come to replace most of the older lineages in Western Europe ? most of the native male lineages, although female lineages seem to have been less affected.

A comparison with the Indo-Iranian invasion of South Asia shows that 40% of the male linages of northern India are R1a, but less than 10% of the female lineages could be of Indo-European origin. The impact of the Indo-Europeans was more severe in Europe because European society 4,000 years ago was less developed in terms of agriculture, technology (no bronze weapons) and population density than that of the Indus Valley civilization. This is particularly true of the native Western European cultures where farming arrived much later than in the Balkans or central Europe. Greece, the Balkans and the Carpathians were the most advanced of European societies at the time and were the least affected in terms of haplogroup replacement. Native European Y-DNA haplogroups (I1, I2a, I2b) also survived better in regions that were more difficult to reach or less hospitable, like Scandinavia, Brittany, Sardinia or the Dinaric Alps.

The first forrays of steppe people into the Balkans happened between 4200 BCE and 3900 BCE, when horse riders crossed the Dniester and Danube and apparently destroyed the towns of the Gumelnita, Varna and Karanovo VI cultures in Eastern Romania and Bulgaria. A climatic change resulting in colder winters during this exact period probably pushed steppe herders to seek milder pastures for their stock, while failed crops would have led to famine and internal disturbance within the Danubian and Balkanic communities. The ensuing Cernavoda culture (4000-3200 BCE) and Ezero culture (3300-2700 BCE) seems to have had a mixed population of steppe immigrants and people from the old tell settlements. These steppe immigrants were likely a mixture of both R1a and R1b lineages. Many Danubian farmers would also have migrated to the Cucuteni-Tripolye towns in the Eastern Carpathians, causing a population boom and a north-eastward expansion until the Dnieper valley, bringing Y-haplogroups E-V13, J2b and T in what is now central Ukraine. This precocious Indo-European advance westward was fairly limited, due to the absence of Bronze weapons and organised army at the time, and was indeed only possible thanks to climatic catastrophes. The Carphatian, Danubian, and Balkanic cultures were too densely populated and technologically advanced to allow for a massive migration.

The Bronze Age annnounces a very different development. R1a people appear to have been the first to successfully penetrate into the heart of Europe, with the Corded Ware (Battle Axe) culture (3200-1800 BCE) as a natural western expansion of the Yamna culture. They went as far west as Germany and Scandinavia. DNA analysis from the Corded Ware culture site of Eulau confirms the presence of R1a (but not R1b) in central Germany around 2600 BCE. The Corded Ware migrants might well have expanded from the forest-steppe, or the northern fringe of the Yamna culture, where R1a lineages were prevalent over R1b ones.

R1b1b2 is thought to have arrived in central and western Europe around 2500 BCE, by going up the Danube from the Black Sea coast. The archeological and genetic evidence (distribution of R1b subclades) point at several consecutive waves towards the Danube between 2800 BCE and 2300 BCE (beginning of the Unetice culture). It is interesting to note that this also corresponds to the end of the Maykop culture (2500 BCE) and Kemi Oba culture (2200 BCE) on the northern shores of the Black Sea, and their replacement by cultures descended from the northern steppes. It can therefore be envisaged that the (mostly) R1b population from the northern half of the Black Sea migrated westward due to pressure from other Indo-European people (R1a) from the north, like the burgeoning Proto-Indo-Iranian branch, linked to the contemporary Poltavka and Abashevo cultures.

It is doubtful that the Beaker culture (2800-1900 BCE) was already Indo-European (although they were influenced by the Corded Ware culture), because they were the continuity of the native Megalithic cultures. It is more likely that the beakers and horses found across western Europe during that period were the result of trade with neighbouring Indo-European cultures, including the first wave of R1b into central Europe. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that the following Unetice (2300-1600 BCE), Tumulus (1600-1200 BCE), Urnfield (1300-1200 BCE) and Hallstatt (1200-750) cultures were linked to the spread of R1b to Europe, as they abruptly introduce new technologies and a radically different lifestyle.

=> See also Metal-mining and stockbreeding explain R1b dominance in Atlantic fringe

Did the Indo-Europeans really invade Western Europe ?

Proponents of the Paleolithic or Neolithic continuity model argue that bronze technology and horses could have been imported by Western Europeans from their Eastern European neighbours, and that no actual Indo-European invasion need be involved. It is harder to see how Italic, Celtic and Germanic languages were adopted by Western and Northern Europeans without at least a small scale invasion. It has been suggested that Indo-European (IE) languages simply spread through contact, just like technologies, or because it was the language of a small elite and therefore its adoption conferred a certain perceived prestige. However people don't just change language like that because it sounds nicer or more prestigious. Even nowadays, with textbooks, dictionaries, compulsory language courses at school, private language schools for adults and multilingual TV programs, the majority of the people cannot become fluent in a completely foreign language, belonging to a different language family. The linguistic gap between pre-IE vernaculars and IE languages was about as big as between modern English and Chinese. English, Greek, Russian and Hindi are all related IE languages and therefore easier to learn for IE speakers than non-IE languages like Chinese, Arabic or Hungarian. From a linguistic point of view, only a wide-scale migration of IE speakers could explain the thorough adoption of IE languages in Western Europe - leaving only Basque as a remnant of the Neolithic languages.

One important archeological argument in favour of the replacement of Neolithic cultures by Indo-European culture in the Bronze Age comes from pottery styles. The sudden appearance of bronze technology in Western Europe coincides with ceramics suddenly becoming more simple and less decorated, just like in the Pontic steppes. Until then, pottery had constantly evolved towards greater complexity and details for over 3,000 years. People do not just decide like that to revert to a more primitive style. Perhaps one isolated tribe might experiment with something simpler at one point, but what are the chances that distant cultures from Iberia, Gaul, Italy and Britain all decide to undertake such an improbable shift around the same time ? The best explanation is that this new style was imposed by foreign invaders. In this case it is not mere speculation; there is ample evidence that this simpler pottery is characteristic of the steppes associated with the emergence of Proto-Indo-European speakers.

Besides pottery, archeology provides ample evidence that the early Bronze Age in Central and Western Europe coincides with a radical shift in food production. Agriculture experiences an abrupt reduction in exchange for an increased emphasis on domesticates. This is also a period when horses become more common and cow milk is being consumed regularly. The oeverall change mimicks the steppe way of life almost perfectly. Even after the introduction of agriculture around 5200 BCE, the Bug-Dniester culture and later steppe cultures were characterized by an economy dominated by herding, with only limited farming. This pattern expands into Europe exactly at the same time as bronze working.

Religious beliefs and arts undergo a complete reversal in Bronze Age Europe. Neolithic societies in the Near East and Europe had always worshipped female figurines as a form of fertility cult. The steppe cultures, on the contrary, did not manufacture female figurines. As bronze technology spreads from the Danube valley to Western Europe, symbols of fertility and fecundity progressively disappear and are replaced by scultures of domesticated animals.

Another clue that Indo-European steppe people came in great number to Central and Western Europe is to be found in burial practices. Neolithic Europeans either cremated their dead (e.g. Cucuteni-Tripolye culture) or buried them in collective graves (this was the case of Megalithic cultures). In the steppe, each person was buried individually, and high-ranking graves were placed in a funeral chamber and topped by a circular mound. The body was typically accompanied by weapons (maces, axes, daggers), horse bones, and a dismantled wagon (or later chariot). These characteristic burial mounds are known as kurgans in the Pontic steppe. Men were given more sumptuous tombs than women, even among children, and differences in hierarchy are obvious between burials. The Indo-Europeans had a strongly hierarchical and patrilinear society, as opposed to the more egalitarian and matrilinear cultures of Old Europe. The proliferation of ststus-conscious male-dominant kurgans (or tumulus) in Central Europe during the Bronze Age is a clear sign that the ruling elite had now become Indo-European. The practice also spread to Central Asia and Southern Siberia, two regions where R1a and R1b lineages are found nowadays, just like in Central Europe. The ceremony of burial is one of the most emotionally charged and personal aspect of a culture. It is highly doubtful that people would change their ancestral practice "just to do like the neighbours". In fact, different funerary practices have co-existed side by side during the European Neolithic and Chalcolithic. The ascendancy of yet another constituent of the Pontic steppe culture in the rest of Europe, and in this case one that does not change easily through contact with neighbours, adds up to the likelihood of a strong Indo-European migration. The adoption of some elements of a foreign culture tends to happen when one civilization overawes the adjacent cultures by its superiority. This process is called 'acculturation'. However there is nothing that indicates that the steppe culture was so culturally superior as to motivate a whole continent, even Atlantic cultures over 2000 km away from the Pontic steppes, to abadndon so many fundamental symbols of their own ancestral culture, and even their own language. In fact, Old Europe was far more refined in its pottery and jewellery than the rough steppe people. The Indo-European superiority was cultural but military, thanks to horses, bronze weapons and an ethic code valuing individual heroic feats in war (these ethic values are known from the old IE texts, like the Rig Veda, Avesta, or the Mycenaean and Hittite literature).

After linguistics and archeology, the third category of evidence comes from genetics itself. It had first been hypothetised that R1b was native to Western Europe, because this is where it was most prevalent. It has since been proven that R1b haplotypes displayed higher microsatellite diversity in Anatolia and in the Caucasus than in Europe. European subclades are also more recent than Middle Eastern or Central Asian ones. The main European subclade, R-P312/S116, only dates back to approximately 3500 to 3000 BCE. It does not mean that the oldest common ancestor of this lineage arrived in Western Europe during this period, but that the first person who carried the mutation R-P312/S116 lived at least 5,000 years ago, assumably somewhere in the lower Danube valley or around the Black Sea. In any case this timeframe is far too recent for a Paleolithic origin or a Neolithic arrival of R1b. The discovery of what was thought to be "European lineages" in Central Asia, Pakistan and India hit the final nail on the coffin of a Paleolithic origin of R1b in Western Europe, and confirmed the Indo-European link.

All the elements concur in favour of a large scale migration of horse-riding Indo-European speakers to Western Europe between 2500 to 2100 BCE, contributing to the replacement of the Neolithic or Chalcolithic lifestyle by a inherently new Bronze Age culture, with simpler pottery, less farming, more herding, new rituals (single graves) and new values (patrilinear society, warrior heroes) that did not evolve from local predecessors.

These Proto-Italo-Celto-Germanic R1b people had settled around the Alps by 2300 BCE, and judging from the spread of bronze working, reached Iberia by 2250 BCE, Britain by 2100 BCE and Ireland by 2000 BCE. This first wave of R1b assumably carried R1b-L21 lineages in great number, as these are found everywhere in western, northern and central Europe. A second R1b expansion took place from the Urnfield/Hallstatt culture around 1200 BCE, pushing west to the Atlantic, north to Scandinavia, and as far east as Greece and Anatolia (=> see Dorian invasion below).

The new Bronze Age culture flourished around the Alps (Unetice to early Hallstatt) thanks to the abundance of metal in the region, and laid the foundation for the classical Celtic culture. The Celtic Iron Age (late Halstatt, from 800 BCE) may have been brought through preserved contacts with the the steppes and the North Caucasus, notably the Koban culture (1100-400 BCE).

The Alpine Celts of the Hallstatt culture are associated with the S28 (a.k.a. U152) mutation, although not exclusively. The Italic branch (also S28/U152) is thought to have entered Italy by 1200 BCE, but there were certainly several succesive waves, as attested by the later arrival of the Cisalpine Celts. The Belgae were another S28/U152 branch, an extension of the La Tène culture northward, following the Rhine, Moselle and Meuse rivers.

One common linguistic trait between Italic and Gaulish/Brythonic Celtic languages linked to the Hallstatt expansion is that they shifted the oiginal IE *kw sound into *p. They are known to linguists as the P-Celtic branch. It is thought that this change occured due to the inability to pronounce the *kw sound by the pre-Indo-European population of central Europe, Gaul and Italy, who were speakers of Afro-Asiatic dialects that had evolved from a Near-Eastern language. The Etruscans, although later incomers from the Levant, also fit in this category. It has recently been acknowledged that Celtic languages borrowed part of their grammar from Afro-Asiatic languages. This shift could have happened when the Proto-Italo-Celtic speakers moved from the steppes to the Danube basin and mixed with the population of Near-Eastern farmers belonging to haplogroups E-V13, T, G2a and J2b. However, such an early shift would not explain why Q-Celtic languages developed in Ireland and Iberia. It is more plausible that the shift happened after the Italo-Celts had first expanded across all western Europe. The S28/U152 connection to P-Celtic suggests that the shift took place around the Alps and Italy after 1200 BCE.

R1b-S21 (a.k.a. U106) is found at high concentrations in the Netherlands and northern Germany. Its presence in other parts of Europe can be attributed to the 5th- and 6th-century Germanic migrations. The Frisians and Saxons spread this haplogroup to the British Isles, the Franks to Belgium and France, and the Lombards to Austria and northern Italy. The high concentration of S21/U106 around Austria hints that it could have originated there in the Hallstatt period, or originated around the Black Sea and moved there during the Hallstatt period. In fact, southern Germany and Austria taken together have the highest diversity of R1b in Europe. Besides S21, the three major first level subclades of R1b1b2a1b (L21, S28, M167) are found in this area at reasonable frequencies to envisage a spread from the Unetice to Hallstatt homeland to the rest of western Europe.

=> Trivia : Kings of many European countries have been confirmed to be R1b through genetic genealogy.

How did R1b come to replace most of the older lineages in Western Europe ?

Until recently it was believed that R1b originated in Western Europe due to its strong presence in the region today. The theory was that R1b represented the Paleolithic Europeans (Cro-Magnon) that had sought refuge in the Franco-Cantabrian region at the peak of the last Ice Age, then recolonised Central and Northern Europe once the ice sheet receded. The phylogeny of R1b proved that this scenario was not possible, because older R1b clades were consistently found in Central Asia and the Middle East, and the youngest in Western and Northern Europe. There was a clear gradient from East to West tracing the migration of R1b people (see map above). This age of the main migration from the shores of the Black Sea to Central Europe also happened to match the timeframe of the Indo-European invasion of Europe, which coincides with the introduction of the Bronze-Age culture in Western Europe, and the spread of Italo-Celtic and Germanic languages.

Historians and archeologists have long argued whether the Indo-European migration was a massive invasion, or rather a cultural diffusion of language and technology spread only by a small number of incomers. The answer could well be "neither". Proponents of the diffusion theory would have us think that R1b is native to Western Europe, and R1a alone represent the Indo-Europeans. The problem is that haplogroup R did arise in Central Asia, and R2 is still restricted to Central and South Asia, while R1a and the older subclades of R1b are also found in Central Asia. The age of R1b subclades in Europe coincide with the Bronze-Age. R1b must consequently have replaced most of the native Y-DNA lineages in Europe from the Bronze-Age onwards.

However, a massive migration and nearly complete anihilation of the Paleolithic population can hardly be envisaged. Western Europeans do look quite different in Ireland, Holland, Aquitaine or Portugal, despite being all regions where R1b is dominant. Autosomal DNA studies have confirmed that the Western European population is far from homogeneous. A lot of maternal lineages (mtDNA) also appear to be of Paleolithic origin (e.g. H1, H3, U5 or V) based on ancient DNA tests. What a lot of people forget is that there is also no need of a large-scale exodus for patrilineal lineages to be replaced fairly quickly. Here is why.

Polygamy. Unlike women, men are not limited in the number of children they can procreate. Men with power typically have more children. This was all the truer in primitive societies, where polygamy was often the norm for chieftains and kings.
Status & Power. Equipped with Bronze weapons and horses, the Indo-Europeans would have easily subjugated the Neolithic farmers and with even greater ease Europe's last hunter-gatherers.If they did not exterminate the indigenous men, the newcomers would have become the new ruling class, with a multitude of local kings, chieftains and noblemen (Bronze-Age Celts and Germans lived in small village communities with a chief, each part of a small tribe headed by a king) with higher reproductive opportunities than average.
Gender imbalance. Invading armies normally have far more men than women. Men must therefore find women in the conquered population. Wars are waged by men, and the losers suffer heavier casualties, leaving more women available to the winners.
Aggressive warfare. The Indo-Europeans were a warlike people with a strong heroic code emphasising courage and military prowess. Their superior technology (metal weapons, wheeled vehicles and warhorses) and attitude to life would have allowed them to slaughter any population that did not have organised armies with metal weapons (i.e. anybody except the Middle-Eastern civilizations).

Genetic predisposition to conceive boys. The main role of the Y-chromosome in man's body is to create sperm. Haplogroups are determined based on mutations differentiating Y-chromosomes. Each mutation is liable to affect sperm production and sperm motility. Preliminary research has already established a link between certain haplogroups and increased or reduced sperm motility. The higher the motility, the higher the chances of conceiving a boy. It is absolutely possible that R1b could confer a bias toward more male offspring. Even a slightly higher percentage of male births would significantly contribute to the replacement of other lineages with the accumulation effect building up over a few millennia. Not all R1b subclades might have this boy bias. The bias only exist in relation to other haplogroups found in a same population. It is very possible that the fairly recent R1b subclades of Western Europe had a significant advantage compared to the older haplogroups in that region, notably haplogroup I2 and E-V13. Read more

Replacement of patrilineal lineages following this model quickly becomes exponential. Imagine 100 Indo-European men conquering a tribe of 1000 indigenous Europeans (a ratio of 1:10). War casualties have resulted in a higher proportion of women in the conquered population. Let's say that the surviving population is composed of 700 women and 300 men. Let's suppose that the victorious Indo-European men end up having twice as many children reaching adulthood as the men of the vanquished tribe. There is a number of reason for that. The winners would take more wives, or take concubines, or even rape women of the vanquished tribe. Their higher status would garantee them greater wealth and therefore better nutrition for their offspring, increasing the chances of reaching adulthood and procreating themselves. An offspring ratio of 2 to 1 for men is actually a conservative estimate, as it is totally conceivable that Bronze-Age sensibilities would have resulted in killing most of the men on the losing side, and raping their women (as attested by the Old Testament). Even so, it would only take a few generations for the winning Y-DNA lineages to become the majority. For instance, if the first generation of Indo-Europeans had two surviving sons per man, against only one per indigenous man, the number of Indo-European paternal lineages would pass to 200 individuals at the second generation, 400 at the third, 800 at the fourth and 1600 at the fifth, and so on. During that time indigenous lineages would only stagnate at 300 individuals for each generation.

Based on such a scenario, the R1b lineages would have quickly overwhelmed the local lineages. Even if the Indo-European conquerors had only slightly more children than the local men, R1b lineages would become dominant within a few centuries. Celtic culture lasted for over 1000 years in Continental Europe before the Roman conquest putting an end to the priviledges of the chieftains and nobility. This is more than enough time for R1b lineages to reach 50 to 80% of the population.

The present-day R1b frequency forms a gradient from the Atlantic fringe of Europe (highest percentage) to Central and Eastern Europe (lowest), the rises again in the Anatolian homeland. This is almost certainly because agriculture was better established in Eastern, then Central Europe, with higher densities of population, leaving R1b invadors more outnumbered than in the West. Besides, other Indo-Europeans of the Corded Ware culture (R1a) had already advanced from modern Russia and Ukraine as far west as Germany and Scandinavia. It would be difficult for R1b people to rival with their R1a cousins who shared similar technology and culture. The Pre-Celto-Germanic R1b would therefore have been forced to settled further west, first around the Alps, then overtaking the then sparsely populated Western Europe.

The Greco-Anatolian branch

The Hittites (2000-1200 BCE) were the first Indo-Europeans to defy (and defeat) the mighty Mesopotamian and Egyptian empires. The Hittite ruling class was plausibly an offshoot of the late Maykop culture that conquered the Hattian kingdom. The northern Anatolians may also have been the original Indo-European speakers people who later founded the Maykop culture and spread their language and culture to the Pontic-Caspian steppes. Whichever way, northern Anatolian Bronze-Age Indo-European speakers would surely have belonged in great part to haplogroup R1b1b (and subclades). The Hattians might have had some older Middle-Eastern R1b mixed with the other haplogroups common in Anatolia nowadays (E-M78, G2a and J2).

Troy could well have been a Indo-European colony securing the trade routes between the Black Sea and the Aegean. The Trojans were Luwian speakers related to the Hittites (hence Indo-European), with proven cultural ties to the culture of the Pontic-Caspian steppe. The first city of Troy dates back to 3000 BCE, right in the middle of the Maykop period, and exatly at the time the first galleys were made. Considering the early foundation of Troy, the most likely of the two Indo-European paternal haplogroups would be R1b1b, not R1a1a.

Greek R1b comes in many varieties: R1b1 from the Near-East, R1b1b from Anatolia, and the European R1b1b2, including the Proto-Celtic S116/P312 and Hallstatt Celtic S28/U152. The presence of R1b1b2 in Greece could be attributed to the Dorian invasion, thought to have happened in the 12th century BCE. The Dorians could have been related to the Trojans and the Hittites belonging to the oldest Indo-European linguistic branch, or to the Proto-Celts of central Europe and the Danube valley. One way of the other, their Y-DNA lineages would have been predominantly R1b1b or R1b1b2. The Dorians could be the descendants of the first (R1b) steppe nomads who settled in the Eastern Balkans (Cernavoda and Ezero cultures) and did not continue their migration up the Danube to central and western Europe.

Greek and Anatolian R1b-S28 lineages could be attributed to the Celtic invasions of the 3rd century BCE, but more probably to the Roman occupation. Older clades of R1b, such as R1b1 or R1b1a are only a small minority and would have come along E1b1b and J2 from the Middle East. The Mycenaeans could have brought some R1b1b2 to Greece, but their origins can be traced back to the Seima-Turbino culture of the northern forest-steppe, which would make them primarily an R1a1a tribe.

The Central Asian branch

An early group of R1b1b people is thought to have migrated from Caspian Sea region to Central Asia, where it evolved into the R1b1b1 (M73) branch. This variety of R1b occurs almost exclusively in very specific Central Asian populations. The highest percentages were observed among the Uyghurs (20%) of Xinjiang in north-west China, the Hazara people of Afghanistan (32%), and the Bashkirs (55%) of the Abzelilovsky district of Bashkortostan in Russia (border of Kazakhstan).

Central Asian R1b1b1 could correspond to the Tocharian branch of the Indo-Europeans. It is possible that the Tocharians split from the main R1b body as early as 7,000 BCE. Over the centuries some groups of these nomadic tribes ended up around the southern Urals, others in the Tarim Basin (Xinjiang) or in southern Central Asia. Another theory is that a group of early horse riders from the Repin culture (3700-3300 BCE) migrated from the Don-Volga region to the Altai mountain, founding the Afanasevo culture (c. 3600-2400 BCE), then moved south to the Tarim Basin.

Mummies of fair-haired Caucasian people were found in the Tarim Basin, the oldest of which date back to 1800 BCE. The modern inhabitants of the Tarim Basin, the Uyghurs, belong both to this R1b-M73 subclade (about 20%) and to R1a1 (about 30%). This could mean that they had become a hybrid R1b-R1a society by the time they reached the Tarim Basin. But R1a1 could also have arrived independently during the later Indo-Iranian migrations (approx. 2000 BCE), or much later through some nomadic Scytho-Iranian tribes (after 700 BCE).

Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA)
Main article : Haplogroup R1a

Distribution of haplogroup R1a in Europe
Distribution of haplogroup R1a in Europe

R1a is thought to have been the dominant haplogroup among the northern and eastern Indo-European speakers who evolved into the Indo-Iranian, Mycenaean Greek, Thracian, Baltic and Slavic branches. The Proto-Indo-Europeans originated in the Yamna culture (3300-2500 BCE), in the Pontic-Caspian steppe between modern Ukraine and south-west Russia. Their expansion is linked to the domestication of horses in the Eurasian steppes, and the invention of the chariot (see R1b above).

The eastern part of the Pontic-Caspian steppes is strongly associated with the Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic branches of Indo-European languages. Based on archeological, linguistic and genetic data, it is possible to say that the pastoralist nomads who lived in the northern Russian steppes and forest-steppes 5,000 years ago carried predominantly R1a paternal lineages.

Nowadays, high frequencies of R1a are found in Poland (56% of the population), Ukraine (50 to 65%), European Russia (45 to 65%), Belarus (45%), Slovakia (40%), Latvia (40%), Lithuania (38%), the Czech Republic (34%), Hungary (32%), Croatia (29%), Norway (28%), Austria (26%), Sweden (24%), north-east Germany (23%) and Romania (22%).

The Germanic branch

The first expansion of R1a took place with the westward propagation of the Corded Ware (or Battle Axe) culture (3200-1800 BCE) from the Yamna homeland. This was the first wave of R1a into Europe, one that is responsible for the presence of this haplogroup in Scandinavia, Germany, and a portion of the R1a in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary or Poland. The high prevalence of R1a in Balto-Slavic countries nowadays is not only due to the Corded Ware expansion, but also to a long succession of later migrations from Russia, the last of which took place from the 5th to the 1th century CE.

The Germanic branch of Indo-European languages probably evolved from a merger of Corded-Ware R1a (Proto-Slavic language) and the later arrival of Italo-Celtic R1b from Central Europe. This is supported by the fact that Germanic people are hybrid R1a-R1b, that these two haplogroups came via separate routes at different times, and also on the linguistics of Proto-Germanic language, which shares similarities with Italic, Celtic and Slavic languages. The Corded Ware R1a people would have mixed with the pre-Germanic I1 aborigines to create the Nordic Bronze Age (1800-500 BCE). R1b presumably reached Scandinavia later as a northward migration from the contemporary Hallstatt culture (1200-500 BCE). The first genuine Germanic tongue has been estimated by linguists to have come into existence around (or after) 500 BCE. This would confirm that it emerged as a blend of Hallstatt Proto-Celtic and the Corded-Ware Proto-Slavic. The uniqueness of some of the Germanic vocabulary points at borrowing from native pre-Indo-European languages. Celtic language itself is known to have borrowed from Afro-Asiatic languages spoken by Near-Eastern immigrants to Central Europe. The fact that present-day Scandinavia is composed of roughly 40% of I1, 20% of R1a and 40% of R1b reinforces the idea that Germanic ethnicity and language had acquired a tri-hybrid character by the Iron Age.

The Baltic branch

The Baltic branch is thought to have evolved from the Fatyanovo culture (3200-2300 BCE), the northeastern extension of the Corded Ware culture. Early Bronze Age R1a nomads from the northern steppes and forest-steppes would have mixed with the indigenous Uralic-speaking inhabitants (N1c1 lineages) of the region. This is supported by a strong presence of both R1a and N1c1 haplogroups from southern Finland to Lithuania and the adjacent part of Russia.

The Slavic branch

The origins of the Slavs goes back to circa 3000 BCE. The Slavic branch differentiated itself when the Corded Ware culture (see Germanic branch above) absorbed the Cucuteni-Tripolye culture (5200-2600 BCE) of western Ukraine and north-eastern Romania, which appears to have been composed primarily of I2a2 lineages descended directly from Paleolithic Europeans, with a small admixture of Near-Eastern immigrants (notably E-V13 and T). Thus emerged the hybrid Globular Amphora culture (3400-2800 BCE) in what is now Ukraine, Belarus and Poland. It is surely during this period that I2a2, E-V13 and T spread (along with R1a) around Poland, Belarus and western Russia, explaining why eastern and northern Slavs (and Lithuanians) have a considerable incidence of haplogroups I2a2 with a bit of E and T. After just a few centuries, this hybridised culture faded away into the dominant Corded Ware culture.

The Corded Ware period was followed by the Trzciniec (1700-1200 BCE), Lusatian (1300-500 BCE), Chernoles (1025-700 BCE) and Milograd (600 BCE-100 CE) cultures in north-east Slavic countries. The last important Slavic migration is thought to have happened in the 6th century CE, from Ukraine to Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, filling the vacuum left by eastern Germanic tribes who invaded the Roman Empire.

Historically, no other part of Europe was invaded a higher number of times by steppe peoples than the Balkans. Chronologically, the first R1a invaders came with the westward expansion of the Corded Ware culture (from about 3200 BCE), then the Mycenaean invasion (1600 BCE), followed by the Thracians (1500 BCE), the Illyrians (around 1200 BCE), the Huns and the Alans (400 CE), the Avars, the Bulgars and the Serbs (all around 600 CE), and the Magyars (900 CE), among others. These peoples originated from different parts of the Eurasian steppes, anywhere between Eastern Europe and Central Asia, which is why such high STR diversity is found within Balkanic R1a nowadays. It is not yet possible to determine the ethnic origin for each variety of R1a, apart from the fact that about any R1a is associated with tribes from Eurasian steppe at one point in history.

The Indo-Iranian branch

Proto-Indo-Iranian speakers, the people who later called themselves 'Aryans' in the Rig Veda and the Avesta, originated in the Sintashta-Petrovka culture (2100-1750 BCE), in the Tobol and Ishim valleys, east of the Ural Mountains. It was founded by pastoralist nomads from the Abashevo culture (2500-1900 BCE), ranging from the upper Don-Volga to the Ural Mountains, and the Poltavka culture (2700-2100 BCE), extending from the lower Don-Volga to the Caspian depression. The Sintashta-Petrovka culture was the first Bronze Age advance of the Indo-Europeans west of the Urals, opening the way to the vast plains and deserts of Central Asia to the metal-rich Altai mountains. The Aryans quickly expanded over all Central Asia, from the shores of the Caspian to southern Siberia and the Tian Shan, through trading, seasonal herd migrations, and looting raids.

Horse-drawn war chariots seem to have been invented by Sintashta people around 2100 BCE, and quickly spread to the mining region of Bactria-Margiana (modern border of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan). Copper had been extracted intensively in the Urals, and the Proto-Indo-Iranians from Sintashta-Petrovka were exporting it in huge quantities to the Middle East. They appear to have been attracted by the natural resources of the Zeravshan valley for a Petrovka copper-mining colony was established in Tugai around 1900 BCE, and tin was extracted soon afterwards at Karnab and Mushiston. Tin was an especially valued resource in the late Bronze Age, when weapons were made of copper-tin alloy, stronger than the more primitive arsenical bronze. In the 1700's BCE, the Indo-Iranians expanded to the lower Amu Darya valley and settled in irrigation farming communities (Tazabagyab culture). By 1600 BCE, the old fortified towns of Margiana-Bactria were abandoned, submerged by the northern steppe migrants. The group of Central Asian cultures under Indo-Iranian influence is known as the Andronovo horizon, and lasted until 800 BCE.

The Indo-Iranian migrations progressed further south across the Hindu Kush. By 1700 BCE, horse-riding pastoralists had penetrated into Balochistan (south-west Pakistan). The Indus valley succumbed circa 1500 BCE, and the northern and central parts of the Indian subcontinent were taken over by 500 BCE. Westward migrations led Old Indic Sanskrit speakers riding war chariots to Assyria, where they became the Mitanni rulers from circa 1500 BCE. The Medes, Parthians and Persians, all Iranian speakers from the Andronovo culture, moved into the Iranian plateau from 800 BCE. Those that stayed in Central Asia are remembered by history as the Scythians, while the Yamna descendants who remained in the Pontic-Caspian steppe became known as the Sarmatians to the ancient Greeks and Romans.

The Indo-Iranian migrations have resulted in high R1a frequencies in southern Central Asia, Iran and the Indian subcontinent. The highest frequency of R1a (about 65%) is reached in a cluster around Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and northern Afghanistan. In India and Pakistan, R1a ranges from 15 to 50% of the population, depending on the region, ethnic group and caste. R1a is generally stronger is the North-West of the subcontinent, and weakest in the Dravidian-speaking South (Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh) and from Bengal eastward. Over 70% of the Brahmins (highest caste in Hindusim) belong to R1a1, due to a founder effect.

Maternal lineages in South Asia are, however, overwhelmingly pre-Indo-European. For instance, India has over 75% of "native" mtDNA M and R lineages and 10% of East Asian lineages. In the residual 15% of haplogroups, approximately half are of Middle Eastern origin. Only about 7 or 8% could be of "Russian" (Pontic-Caspian steppe) origin, mostly in the form of haplogroup U2 and W (although the origin of U2 is still debated). European mtDNA lineages are much more common in Central Asia though, and even in Afghanistan and northern Pakistan. This suggests that the Indo-European invasion of India was conducted mostly by men through war, and the first major settlement of women was in northern Pakistan, western India (Punjab to Gujarat) and northern India (Uttar Pradesh), where haplogroups U2 and W are the most common.

Turkic speakers and R1a
The present-day inhabitants of Central Asia, from Xinjiang to Turkey and from the Volga to the Hindu Kush, speak in overwhelming majority Turkic languages. This may be surprising as this corresponds to the region where the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European speakers expanded, the Bronze-Age Andronovo culture, and the Iron-Age Scythian territory. So why is it that Indo-European languages only survives in Slavic Russia or in the southern part of Central Asia, in places like Tajikistan, Afghanistan or some parts of Turkmenistan ? Why don't the Uyghurs, Uzbeks, Kazakhs and Kyrgyzs, or the modern Pontic-Caspian steppe people (Crimean Tatars, Nogais, Bashkirs and Chuvashs) speak Indo-European vernaculars ? Genetically these people do carry Indo-European R1a, and to a lesser extent also R1b, lineages. The explanation is that Turkic languages replaced the Iranian tongues of Central Asia between the 4th and 11th century CE.

Proto-Turkic originated in Mongolia and southern Siberia with such nomadic tribes as the Xiongnu. It belongs to the Altaic linguistic family, like Mongolian and Manchu (some also include Korean and Japanese, although they share very little vocabulary in common). It is unknown when Proto-Turkic first emerged, but its spread started with the Hunnic migrations westward through the Eurasian steppe and all the way to Europe, only stopped by the boundaries of the Roman Empire.

The Huns were the descendants of the Xiongnu. Ancient DNA tests have revealed that the Xiongnu were already a hybrid Eurasian people 2,000 years ago, with mixed European and North-East Asian Y-DNA and mtDNA. Modern inhabitants of the Xiongnu homeland have approximately 90% of Mongolian lineages against 10% of European ones. The oldest identified presence of European mtDNA around Mongolia and Lake Baikal dates back to over 6,000 years ago.

It appears that Turkic quickly replaced the Scythian and other Iranian dialects all over Central Asia. Other migratory waves brought more Turkic speakers to Eastern and Central Europe, like the Khazars, the Avars, the Bulgars and the Turks (=> see 5000 years of migrations from the Eurasian steppes to Europe). All of them were in fact Central Asian nomads who had adopted Turkic language, but had little if any Mongolian blood. Turkic invasions therefore contributed more to the diffusion of Indo-European lineages (especially R1a1) than East Asian ones.

Turkic languages have not survived in Europe outside the Pontic-Caspian steppe. Bulgarian language, despite being named after a Turkic tribe, is actually a Slavic tongue with a mild Turkic influence. Hungarian, sometimes mistaken for the heir of Hunnic because of its name, is in reality an Uralic language (Magyar). the The dozens of Turkic languages spoken in the world today have a high degree of mutual intelligibility due to their fairly recent common origin and the nomadic nature of its speakers (until recently). Its two main branches Oghuz and Oghur could be seen as two languages about as distant as Spanish and Italian, and languages within each branch like regional dialects of Spanish and Italian.

The Greek branch

Little is known about the arrival of Proto-Greek speakers from the steppes. The Mycenaean culture commenced circa 1650 BCE and is clearly an imported steppe culture. The close relationship between Mycenaean and Proto-Indo-Iranian languages suggest that they split fairly late, some time between 2500 and 2000 BCE. Archeologically, Mycenaean chariots, spearheads, daggers and other bronze objects show striking similarities with the Seima-Turbino culture (c. 1900-1600 BCE) of the northern Russian forest-steppes, known for the great mobility of its nomadic warriors (Seima-Turbino sites were found as far away as Mongolia). It is therefore likely that the Mycenaean descended from Russia to Greece between 1900 and 1650 BCE, where they intermingled with the locals to create a new unique Greek culture.

Haplogroup I (Y-DNA)
I is the oldest haplogroup in Europe and in all probability the only one that originated there (apart from deep subclades of other haplogroups). It is thought to have arrived from the Middle East as haplogroup IJ around 35,000 years ago, and developed into haplogroup I approximately 25,000 years ago. This means that Cro-Magnons most probably belonged (exclusively ?) to IJ or I. Nowadays haplogroup I accounts for 10 to 45% of the population in most of Europe. It is divided in four main subclades.

The earliest megalithic structures (5000-1200 BCE) of Europe were built by men belonging to haplogroup I, then were joined by Neolithic newcomers such as G2a and E1b1b.

Haplogroup I1
Main article : Haplogroup I1

Haplogroup I1 (formerly I1a) is the most common I subclade. It is found mostly in Scandinavia and Northern Germany, where it can represent over 35% of the population. Associated with the Norse ethnicity, it is found in all places invaded by the ancient Germanic tribes and the Vikings.

During the Neolithic period, pre-I1 and I1 people were part of the sucessive Ertebølle culture (5300-3950 BCE) and Funnelbeaker culture (4000-2700 BCE). The Corded Ware period (3200-1800 BCE) marks the arrival of the Indo-European R1a people from the Ukrainian steppes.

I1 is identified by at least 15 unique mutations, which indicates that this lineage has been isolated for a long period of time, or experienced a serious population bottleneck. Although the first mutation splitting I1 away from I2 may have arisen as long as 20,000 years ago, people belonging to this haplogroup all descend from a single man who lived betweeb 10,000 and 5,000 years ago. This corresponds to the arrival of the Indo-European, suggesting that a high percentage of the indigenous I1 men could possibly have been killed by the new immigrants.

Distribution of haplogroup I1 in Europe
Distribution of haplogroup I1 in Europe

Haplogroup I2

Haplogroup I2 might have originated in southeastern Europe some 17,000 years ago and developed into four main subgroups : I2a1, I2a2, I2b1 and I2b2.

I2a1 (formerly I1b2) is found chiefly among the Sardinians and the Basques, and is rarely found outside Iberia, Western France, the West coast of Italy and the Mediterranean coast of the Maghreb. It accounts for approximately 40% of all Y-DNA haplogroups among the Sardinians. I2a1 is estimated to be 8,000 years old.

I2a2 (formerly I1b) is typical of the Dinaric Slavs (Croats, Serbs and Bosniaks). Its highest density is observed around ex-Yugoslavia and Moldova, but it is also common to a lower extent in Albania, Northern Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Belarus, and southwestern Russia. The high concentratio of I2a2 in north-east Romania, Moldova and central Ukraine reminds of the maximum spread of the Cucuteni-Tripolye culture before it was swallowed by the Indo-European Corded Ware culture. This could mean that the Cucuteni-Tripolye culture was a native European group of hunter-gatherers who adopted farming after coming in contact (with perhaps some intermarriages) with the Levantine farmers who settled in the Balkans (haplogroups E-V13, J2b and T).

The modern territory of I2a1 and I2a2 (Illyria, Italy, Sardinia, Mediterranean coast of France and Spain) matches the extent of the Neolithic Printed-Cardium Pottery culture (5000-1500 BCE), that is believed to have started with the arrival of E-V13 and G2a farmers and herders from Thessaly (northern Greece). It was followed by the Terramare culture (1500-1000 BCE) in the Bronze Age. The R1b Celto-Italic people are thought to have crossed the Alps and invaded the Italian peninsula around 1,000 BCE, replacing most of the indigenous I2a, G2a and E-V13 people (especially in the northern half).

Distribution of haplogroup I2a in Europe
Distribution of haplogroup I2a in Europe

I2b (formerly I1c) is associated with the pre Celto-Germanic people of North-Western Europe, such as the megaliths builders (5000-1200 BCE). The wide variety of STR markers within I2b could make it as much as 13,000 years old.

I2b is found in all Western Europe, but apparently survived better the Indo-European invasions (=> see R1b above) in northern Germany, and was reintroduced by the Germanic invasions during the late Roman period. Nowadays, I2b peaks in central and northern Germany (10-20%), the Benelux (10-15%) as well as in northern Sweden. It is also found in 3 to 10% of the inhabitants of Denmark, East England, and Northern France. It is rare in Norway, which concords with the fact that it hasn't been invaded by people from northern Germany.

There are two major subclades : I2b1 (M223+) and I2b2 (L38/S154+), further subdivided in at least 4 subclades each, although little is known about them yet. The subclade I2b1a (M284+) occurs almost exclusively in Britain, where it seemingly developed about 3,000 years ago.

Distribution of haplogroup I2b in Europe
Distribution of haplogroup I2b in Europe
Near-Eastern haplogroups

Haplogroup G (Y-DNA)
Main article : Haplogroup G2a

Haplogroup G is believed to have originated around the Middle East during the late Paleolithic, possibly as early as 30,000 years ago. At that time humans would all have been hunter-gatherers, and in most cases living in small nomadic or semi-nomadic tribes. Members of this haplogroup appear to have been closely linked to the development of early agriculture in the Levant part of the Fertile Crescent, starting 11,500 years before present. There has so far been ancient Y-DNA analysis from only four Neolithic cultures (LBK in Germany, Remedello in Italy and Cardium Pottery in Southwest France and Spain), and all sites yielded G2a individuals, which is the strongest evidence at present that farming originated with and was spread by members of haplogroup G.

G2a makes up 5 to 10% of the population of Mediterranean Europe, but is fairly rare in Northern Europe. The only places where haplogroup G2 exceeds 10% of the population in Europe are Cantabria, Switzerland, the Tyrol, south-central Italy (Molise, Central and Southern Apennine), Sardinia, northern Greece (Thessaly) and Crete - all mountainous and relatively isolated regions.

There are several theories regarding the origin of G2a in Europe. There are doubtlessly cumulative rather than exclusive.

Neolithic mountain herders

Chronologically, the first hypothesis is the advance of Neolithic farmers and herders from Anatolia to Europe between 9,000 and 6,000 years ago. In this scenario the Caucasian migrants would have brought with them sheep and goats, which were domesticated south of the Caucasus arbout 12,000 years ago. This would explain why haplogroup G is more common in mountainous areas, be it in Europe or in Asia.

The geographic continuity of G2a from Anatolia to Thessaly to the Italian peninsula, Sardinia, south-central France and Iberia already suggested that G2a could be connected to the Printed-Cardium Pottery culture (5000-1500 BCE). Ancient DNA tests conducted on skeletons from a LBK site in Germany as well as a Printed-Cardium Pottery site in southern France (Languedoc-Roussilon) confirmed that Neolithic farmers in Europe belonged primarily (even exclusively if assimilated local population are omitted) to haplogroup G2a.

Nowadays G2a is found mostly in mountainous regions of Europe, for example, Cantabria (over 10%) in northern Spain, Switzerland (10%), Austria (8%), Auvergne (8%) in central France, the mountainous parts of Bohemia (5 to 10%), and Wales (4%). It may be because Caucasian farmers sought hilly terrain similar to their original homeland, perhaps well suited to the raising of goats. But it is more likely that G2a farmers escaped from Bronze-Age invaders, such as the Indo-Europeans and found shelter into the mountains.

G2a3b1a, the Indo-European branch of G2a

The presumed homeland of R1b1b and Pre-Proto-Indo-European speakers is assumed to be in northern Anatolia and/or the North Caucasus. The Caucasus itself is a hotspot of haplogroup G. Therefore, it is entirely conceivable that a minority of Caucasian men belonging to haplogroup G (and perhaps also J2b) integrated the R1b community that crossed the Caucasus and established themselves on the northern and eastern shores of the Black Sea sometime between 7,000 and 5,000 BCE. Those Proto-Indo-European would have belonged evolved to R1b1b2a1 and G2a3b1a before their epic conquest of Europe starting timidly in the Balkans around 4000 BCE and completed when all the Atlantic fringe from Iberia to the British Isles was settled, around 2000 BCE. Contrarily to G2a* and G2a3*, which is more prevalent in mountainous areas, G2a3b1a is found uniformy throughout Europe, even in Scandinavia and Russia. More importantly, G2a3b1 is also found in India, especially among the upper castes. The combined presence of G2a3b1 across Europe and India is a very strong argument in favour of an Indo-European origin. The coalescence age of G2a3b1 also matches the time of the Indo-European expansion during the Bronze Age.

Distribution of haplogroup G in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East
Distribution of haplogroup G in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East

Expansion of agriculture from the Middle East to Europe (9500-3800 BCE)
Expansion of agriculture from the Middle East to Europe (9500-3800 BCE)

Roman redistribution
It is most likely that G2a arrived in Europe during the Neolithic or the Bronze Age and that the Romans helped spread it around, the whole of Italy being relatively rich in G2a. Migrations within the Roman Empire probably contributed to a moderate increase of G2a northward to Gaul and Britain, Indeed, the frequency of haplogroup G decreases with the distance from the boundaries of the Roman Empire. Haplogroup G is extremely rare Nordic and Baltic countries nowadays, despite the fact that agriculture reached those regions around the same time as Britain or Ireland. This may just be a coincidence, because the forested lowlands of northern Germany, Poland and northern Europe happen to be poor in metals and would not have attracted Bronze-Age workers from the Caucasus. North-East Europe also has a fairly modest frequency of R1b, which further reinforces the correlation between the two haplogroups.

Alanic G2a1
The only ethnic group that has a majority of haplogroup G nowadays are the Ossetians in the Caucasus, in the modern Russian Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. They are thought to descend directly from the Alans, a Central Asian tribe related to the ancient Samartians. The medieval Kingdom of Alania was located in the northern Caucasus, in present-day Georgia and Ossetia.

G2a has been observed at a slightly higher frequencies in Picardy and Flanders than in surrounding regions. It has been hypothetised that G2a was brought to northern France and Belgium by the Alans, who traversed all continental Europe during the barbarian invasions in the 5th century and founded a short-lived kingdom in northern France.

Nonetheless, if there is Alanic G in Europe it must certainly belong to other subclades than those from the Neolithic or Bronze Age period (namely G2a3). G2a1 being the most common variety in the Caucasus nowadays, the fairly recent Alanic migration (from a genetic point of view) could have carried that particular subclade. In fact, G2a1 has been found all along the Alanic migration route (Hungary, France, Spain), as well as in Britain (Samartian element ?), but hardly anywhere else.

Scythian G1
Romans were known to recruit Scythian or Sarmatian horsemen in their legions. According to C. Scott Littleton in his book From Scythia to Camelot, several Knights of the Round Table were of Scythian origin, and the the legend of Holy Grail itself originated in ancient Scythia. This hypothesis was also taken up in the 2004 movie King Arthur, which opens with the arrival of Scytho-Roman cavalry in Britain. However, Scythians were steppe people more likely to belong to haplogroup R1a. If any of them did belong to G, they presumably were G1, not G2a. This would explain the scattered cases of G1 in north-western Europe though. G2a2, which also been found in Britain and Anatolia, is another potential candidate.

Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)
J is a Middle Eastern haplogroup, divided into the northern J2 and the southern J1. J2 is by far the most common variety in Europe.

Haplogroup J2
Main article : Haplogroup J2

J2 originated in northern Mesopotamia, and spread westward to Anatolia and southern Europe, and eastward to Persia and India. J2 is related to the Ancient Etruscans, (Minoan) Greeks, southern Anatolians, Phoenicians, Assyrians and Babylonians.

In Europe, J2 reaches its highest frequency in Greece (especially in Crete, Peloponese and Thrace), southern and central Italy, southern France, and southern Spain. The ancient Greeks and Phoenicians were the main driving forces behind the spread J2 around the western and southern Mediterranean.

J2 is thought to have arrived in Greece from Anatolia somtime between the (late) Neolithic and the Bronze Age.

Middle-Eastern and European J2a

The geographic distribution of J2a bears a strong correlation with the diffusion of agriculture from northern Mesopotamia (where it peaks) towards Anatolia, Greece, the whole Middle East, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and western India. Its strong presence in Italy is owed to the migration of the Etruscans from the Near East to central and northern Italy, and to the Greek colonisation of southern Italy.

The Phoenicians, Jews, Greeks and Romans all contributed to the presence of J2a in Iberia. The particularly strong frequency of J2a and other Near Eastern haplogroups (J1, E1b1b, T) in the south of the Iberian peninsula, suggest that the Phoenicians played a more decisive role than other peoples. This makes sense considering that the Phoenicians/Carthaginians were the first to arrive, founded the greatest number of cities (including Gadir/Cadiz, Iberia's oldest city), and their settlements match almost exactly the higher frequency zone of southern Analusia.

The Romans surely helped spread haplogroup J2 within their borders, judging from the distribution of J2 within Europe (frequency over 5%), which bears an uncanny resemblance to the borders of the Roman Empire.

The world's maximum concentrations of J2a is in Crete (32% of the population). The subclade J2a3d (M319) appears to be native to Crete. J2a also reaches high frequencies in Anatolia and the southern Caucasus.

Indian J2a

Within India, J2a is more common among the upper castes and decreases in frequency with the caste level. This can be explained by the assimilation of local J2a (and R2) people from Central Asia by the R1a Indo-European warriors who descended from modern Russia (Sintashta culture) and established themselves for a few centuries in southern Central Asia, immediately north of the Hindu Kush (including the Oxus civilization) before moving on to conquer the Indian subcontinent. J2a would have reached southern Central Asia with the expansion of Middle Eastern people during the Neolithic and mixed with the local hunter-gatherers belonging chiefly to R2 (and possibly some pre-Indo-European R1a).

J2b

The mutation founding the J2b subclade might have originated in Greece (or in Anatolia ?), like haplogroup E-V13 (see below) to which it is closely linked. The propagation of J2b and E-V13 corresponds roughly to the ancient Greek and Roman spheres of influence. Apart from Europe, J2b is also found all around India, but only at moderate frequencies in between Europe and India, meaning that, unlike for J2a, it was not a progresive and continuous diffusion, as is to be expected from the spread of agriculture. For this reason, and because it is generally found among the upper castes of India, it is thought that some J2b lineages might have been part of the Indo-Aryan invasions of South Asia (3,500 years ago) alongside R1a1a. It is conceivable that a minority of J2b, G2a3b1 and R1b1b from the Caucasus region migrated to the Volga-Ural region in the early Bronze Age (see R1b history), spreading with them the Proto-Indo-European language, bronze technology and domestic animals to the Caspian steppe before the expansion of this new culture to Central and South Asia (see R1a history).

Distribution of haplogroup J2 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup J2

Haplogroup J1
Main article : Haplogroup J1

J1 is a Middle Eastern haplogroup, which probably originated in eastern Anatolia, near Lake Van in central Kurdistan. Eastern Anatolia being the region where goats, sheep and cattle were first domesticated in the Middle East, haplogroup J1 is almost certainly linked to the expansion of pastoralist lifestyle throughout the Middle East and Europe. J1 can be divided in two main groups: the J1c3 (P58) subclade, and the other forms of J1 (J1*, J1a, J1b, J1c1 and J1c2).

J1c3 (J-P58) is by far the most widespread subclade of J1. It is a typically Semitic haplogroup, making up most of the population of the Arabian peninsula, where it accounts for approximately 40% t 75% of male lineages. J-P58 is also the Cohen Modal Haplotype. Roughly half of all Cohanim belong to the J-P58 subclade. In the Hebrew Bible the common ancestor of all Cohens is identified as Aaron, the brother of Moses.

J1c3 is thought to have expanded from eastern Anatolia to the Levant, Taurus and Zagros mountains and the Arabian peninsula at the end of the last Ice Age (12,000 years ago) with the seasonal migrations of pastoralists. Arabic speakers recolonised the Arabian peninsula in the Bronze Age from the north-west of the peninsula, close to modern Jordan. The rise of Islam in the 7th century CE played a major part in the re-expansion of J1c3 from Arabia throughout the Middle East, as well as to North Africa, and to a lower extent to Sicily and southern Spain.

Other subclades of J1 are less well studied due to their much lower frequencies. Most of the J1 in the Caucasus, Anatolia and Europe is of the non-J1c3 variety. Other types of J1 most probably spread to Europe during the Neolithic. J1 is particularly common in mountainous regions of Europe (with the notable exception of the Alps and the Carpathians), like Greece, Albania, Italy, central France, and the most rugged parts of Iberia (Asturias, Cantabria, Castile-La Mancha) as well as those with the highest density of Neolithic settlements (Portugal and Andalusia).

Like haplogroup G, J1 might have been of the principal lineages to bring domesticated animals to Europe. Both G and J1 reach their maximal frequencies in the Caucasus, some ethnic groups being almost exclusively J1 (Kubachi, Kaitak, Dargins), while others have extremely high levels of G (Shapsugs, North Ossetians). Most of the ethnic groups in the North Caucasus have between 20 and 40% of each haplogroup, which are by far their two dominant haplogroups. In the South Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan), haplogroup J2 comes into the admixture and is in fact slightly higher than either J1 or G.

Distribution of haplogroup J1 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup J1

Haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA)
Main article : Haplogroup E1b1b Haplogroup E1b1b (formerly E3b) represents the last direct major migration from Africa into Europe. It is believed to have first appeared in the Horn of Africa or southern Africa approximately 26,000 years ago and dispersed to the Middle East during the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods.

On the European continent it has the highest concentration in north-west Greece, Albania and Kosovo, then fading around the Balkans, the rest of Greece and Western Turkey. Outside Europe, it is also found in most of the Middle East, northern and eastern Africa, especially in Morocco, Lybia, Egypt Yemen, Somalia, Ethiopia and South Africa.

Did E1b1b cross directly from North Africa to Europe due to climate change ?

It is still unclear when haplogroup E entered Europe. Recent DNA tests from Neolithic sites in southern Germany and southern France lacked all trace of E1b1b. This suggests a later arrival, either towards the end of the Neolithic/Chalcolithic or during the Bronze Age. In the absence of Y-DNA from Neolithic Greece, South italy and Iberia, nothing rules out the possibility that E1b1b was present to these regions since the Neolithic, Mesolithic or even the late Paleolithic. North Africans carriers of E1b1b could have crossed the Mediterranean (probably in several independent waves) anytime between the Last Glacial Maximum (circa 20,000 years ago) and the last desertification of the Sahara that started when the monsoon retreated south 6,200 years ago.

At the Last Glacial Maximum, sea levels were 120 metres lower than today and the Strait of Gibraltar was just a few kilometres wide, permitting even the most primitive raft to cross it easily. Is it merely a coincidence that the last attested trace of Neanderthal in Iberia (actually in Gibraltar itself) dates from 24,000 years ago, a short time before the Last Glacial Maximum ? Could their disappearance be the result of an an absorption by Homo Sapiens from North Africa ? The last Iberian Neanderthals did show some signs of hybridization with Homo Sapiens. Whereas Homo Sapiens indisputably colonised Europe from the Middle East, a counter-current colonisation from Northwest Africa is plausible too. This would explains why there is so much Northwest African E-M81 in Portugal and Northwest Spain, which is not corroborated by any historical migration nor by any archaeologically demonstrable Neolithic migration from Northwest Africa.

The Sahara changed many times from a lush green place to a hot and arid desert in the last 20,000 years. It was as arid as today at the end of the last Ice Age 13,000 years ago, then the warming climate brought tropical monsoons again from 10,000 to 7,000 years before present. The desertification taking place today started around 4,200 BCE. This severe transformations of their environment surely had a tremenfous effect on the indigenous (E1b1b) people, causing populations booms during the green millennia of the Neolithic, and prompting migrations to milder climes once the rain had gone. It wouldn't be all that surprising that North Africans crossed the Mediterranean (again ?) in the late Neolithic. The region most affected by the desertification would have been around modern Libya. The northern Maghreb enjoys the protection of the mountains that stopped the advance of the desert. Egypt had the Nile and its delta. One hypothesis is that the Neolithic population of Libya migrated to what is now South Italy, Greece, Macedonia and Albania, bringing with them the E-V13 lineage, which is still found in Libya today, as well as in Iberia, Egypt and the Levant, but is far more common around Greece. Alternatively, instead of crossing directly the Mediterranean from Tunisia to Sicily, then to Italy and the southern Balkans, the migration could have taken place along the coast of the Mediteranean, through Egypt, the Levant and Anatolia, and eventually to Greece. Some migrants might have taken a westward route to Iberia, explaining why E-V13 is found in western Iberia, alongside the Maghreban E-M81, while Greeks never colonised that region.

Distribution of haplogroup E1b1b in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup E1b1b

Subclades

E1b1b1a (or E-M78, formerly E3b1a) is the most common variety of haplogroup E among Europeans and Near Easterners. E-M78 is thought to have migrated out of Egypt in the Mesolithic or Neolithic to colonise the Middle East, where it mixed with the indigenous inhabitants belonging to haplogroups J and G.

The Phoenicians, from the Levant, also contributed to the spread of E1b1b1a (as well as J2, Q and T) to places such as Cyprus, Malata, Sardinia, Ibiza and southern Iberia. The lower incidence of E1b1b1a in Syria and Anatolia is almost certainly due to the competition from the other major Neolithic haplogroups : G2 and J2.

E-M78 is divided into 4 main branches : E1b1b1a1 (E-V12), E1b1b1a2 (E-V13), E1b1b1a3 (E-V22) and E1b1b1a4 (E-V65), each further subdivided in "a" and "b" subclades.

E-V13 is one of the major markers of the Neolithic diffusion of farming from the Levant. Like all the other subclades of E1b1b1a, E-V13 originated in North-East Africa around the end of the last Ice Age. Its frequency is now far higher in Greece, South Italy and the Balkans than anywhere else due to a founder effect, i.e. the migration of a small group of settlers carrying mostly this lineage (but also a small amount of other North-East African lineages, notably E-M123 and T). Archeological evidence shows that the region of Thessaly, in northern Greece, was the starting point (circa 6,000 BCE) for the diffusion of agriculture through the Balkans and the Danube basin, as far as northern France to the west and Russia to the east. The modern distribution of E-V13 hints at a strong correlation with the Neolithic and Chalcolithic cultures of Old Europe, such as the Vinča, Boian, Maritsa and Karanovo, cultures. However, the genetic testing of three male samples from the LBK culture only revealed the presence of haplogroups F and G2a. The sample is obviously too small to rule out that E1b1b also entered Europe during the Neolithic period though.
E-V13 is also associated with the ancient Greek expansion and colonisation. Outside of the Balkans and Central Europe, it is particularly common in Southern Italy, Cyprus and Southern France, all part of the Classcical ancient Greek world.

E-V22 is the predominant subclade in the Levant and is therefore associated with the Phoenicians and Jews, in addition to the spread of agriculture. The Phoenicians could have spread E-V22 to Sicily, Sardinia, southern Spain and the Maghreb, and the Jews to Greece and mainland Italy and Spain. However, the Mediterranean route for the diffusion of agriculture (see map below) went through the exact same regions. It is therefore impossible to know at present which of the two periods (Neolithic or Classical Antiquity) played the stronger role in the spread of V22 around the Mediterranean.

E-V12 is the most common subclade of M78 in Egypt. Its low presence around Greece and Anatolia indicates that it probably already existed when E moved there in the early Neolithic.

E-V65 is found in North Africa, with a maximum frequency in Lybia, then Morocco. It is also likely to have originated in Egypt. In Europe it is found at low frequencies in Greece and Sicily, but interestingly makes up one fourth of Sardinian E. It could be due to immigration from the Phoenician colonies in the Maghreb to Sardinia (the Sardinian haplogroup I2a1 is also present at low frequencies along the coast of Algeria and Tunisia, confirming exchanges of population between the two regions, maybe when both were Phoenician colonies).

E1b1b1b (E-M81, formerly E3b1b) is characteristic of the Berbers of North-West Africa. In some parts of Morocco E1b1b1b can peak at 80% of the population. This sub-hapolgroup is also found in Iberia, Italy and southern France, with the highest concentrations in southern Portugal (12%) and decreasing as we move north.

E1b1b1c (E-M123) and its main branch E1b1b1c1 (E-M34) is also associated with the diffusion of agriculture and ancient Middle-Eastern civilizations. This haplogroup peaks in the southern Levant (10-12% in Palestine and Lebanon), from where it expands in all directions over the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia and South-East Europe. The distribution of E-M123 matches almost exactly the expansion of farming (see map below) during the Neolithic period. E-M123 seems to go hand in hand with haplogroup G2a, with the difference that G2a reaches its maximum frequency around the Caucasus and Anatolia, where cattle, pigs and goats where first domesticated. Inside Europe, E-M123 follows more or less the distribution of E-V13, with the highest frequency (1 to 5%) observed in Greece, South Italy, the Balkans and the Danube basin, then fading towards Germany, Poland, Ukraine and Russia, where its frequency is under 1%.

Haplogroup T (Y-DNA)
T is a rare haplogroup in Europe. It makes up 1% of the population on most of the continent, except in Greece, Macedonia and Italy where it exceeds 4%, and in Iberia where it reaches 2.5%, peaking at 10% in Cadiz and over 15% in Ibiza. The maximal worldwide frequency for haplogroup T is observed in East Africa (Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania) and in the Middle East (especially the Caucasus, South Iraq, Southwest Iran, Oman and South Egypt), where it accounts for approximately 5 to 15% of the male lineages. Besides these regions and Europe, T is found in isolated pockets as far as Central Asia, India, Cameroon, Zambia and South Africa. Its highest density is actually found among the Fulbe people of Cameroon (18% of the population).

Haplogroup T originated at least 30,000 years ago, making it one of the oldest haplogroups found in Eurasia, which may explain its vast dispersal around Africa and South Asia. It also makes its place of origin uncertain. The modern distribution T in Europe strongly correlates with a the Neolithic colonisation of the continent by Middle Eastern farmers, who also included members of haplogroups E1b1b, G2a, J1 and J2. The hotspot in Estonia is very likely due to a founder effect in the Neolithic population.

Although haplogroup T is more common today in East Africa than anywhere else, its association with the rise of agriculture in the Middle East is a strong argument in favour of a Middle Eastern origin, and a colonisation of East Africa by Middle Eastern farmers. Another argument in that sense is that T is descended from haplogroup K, which is itself absent from Africa and spawned most of the Eurasian haplogroups (L, N, O, P, Q, R and T), which are thought to have a common origin around Central Asia. The strong incidence of T from the Caucasus to central and southern Iran hint that early farmers might have descended from the Caucasus to southern Mesopotamia and southwest Iran. T might therefore be linked to the ancient Sumerians and Elamites.

The higher than average frequencies of haplogroup T in places like Cyprus, Sicily, Tunisia, Ibiza, Andalusia and the northern tip of Morocco suggest that some of the haplogroup T can be attributed to the Phoenicians colonisation (1200-800 BCE), and that ancient Phoenicia seemingly had a higher incidence of T than Lebanon does today.

The testing of Thomas Jefferson's DNA revealed that the US president belonged to haplogroup T.

Distribution of haplogroup T in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa
Distribution of haplogroup T in Europe
Other haplogroups found in Europe

Haplogroup N (Y-DNA)
N is found among Uralic speakers, from Finland to Siberia, and at minor frequencies as far as Korea and Japan. In Europe, haplogroup N is only found at high frequencies among modern Finns (58%), Lithuanians (42%), Latvians (38%), Estonians (34%) and northern Russians.

Haplogroup N is believed to have originated in Southeast Asia approximately 15,000 to 20,000 years ago, but the N1c1 subclade found in Europe likely arose in Southern Siberia circa 12,000 years ago, and spread to North-East Europe 10,000 years ago.

Haplogroup N1c1 is associated with the Kunda culture (8000-5000 BCE) and the Comb Ceramic culture (4200-2000 BCE), which evolved into Finnic and pre-Baltic people.The Indo-European Corded Ware culture (3200-1800 BCE) progressively took over the Baltic region and southern Finland from 2,500 BCE. The merger of the two gave rise to the hybrid Kiukainen culture (2300-1500 BCE). Modern Baltic people have a roughly equal proportion of haplogroup N1c1 and R1a, resulting from this merger of Uralic and Slavic cultures.

Distribution of haplogroup N1c1 in Europe
Distribution of haplogroup N1c1 in Europe

Haplogroup Q (Y-DNA)

Q is found predominantly in Central Siberia, Central Asia and among Native Americans. In the latter case it is the specific subclade Q1a3a.

One hypothesis is that Q came to Europe with the Huns in the 5th century. The Huns are thought to have originated from Central Siberia, where haplogroup Q is still common nowadays. Q is found in 2% of the people in Hungary and up to 5% in isolated pockets in the mountains of Slovakia, just north of Hungary. It is historically attested that Hungary was were most of the Hunnic invaders finally settled after wreaking havoc around Europe. The Nordic and Baltic states have the second highest frequency of Q in Europe. Based on the Hunnic hypothesis, it is possible that a group of Huns settled in Sweden and/or Norway along with their allies, the Goths. The Romans reported that the Huns consisted of a small ruling elite and their armies comprised mostly of Germanic warriors. An alternative scenario is that Nordic and Baltic Q came through the Uralic-speaking population of Siberia via Finland and Lappland, but this is unlikely because Q is not more common in Finland and does not correlate with the densities of the Uralic haplogroup N1c1.

Other Central Asian or Siberian migrations might have brought Q to Ukraine in the late Antiquity or Medieval period. For instance, the multi-ethnic Central Asian troops of Genghis Khan could very well have carried some haplogroup Q (along with C, G, O and R1a) to Eastern Europe, but not to Central Europe or Scandinavia.

Distribution of haplogroup Q in Europe
Distribution of haplogroup Q in Europe

Haplogroup C (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup C3 in Europe is most likely of Mongol origin. It is found everywhere at various concentrations in Genghis Khan's former empire, although only sporadically on the European continent. Other subclades of C come from ethnic groups too remote from Europe (Aboriginal Australians, Polynesians, South-East Asians) to be found among Europeans (apart from recent immigration).

Haplogroup P (Y-DNA)

P is the parent group of Q and R (including R1a and R1b). It has almost disappeared nowadays, except around its place of origins in Central Asia. It is very rarely found in Europe. It may have been brought to Europe by Central Asian invaders, like the Huns or the Mongols.

Haplogroup L (Y-DNA)

L is found mostly in the Indian subcontinent, but also at lower frequencies in Central Asia, Southwest Asia, and Southern Europe along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea (notably in Italy). L1 is typical of the Dravidian people of South India. Various subclades are found in Europe (L1, L2, L3) without any real geographic pattern. Europeans belonging to haplogroup L are likely to be descended from Indian (L1, L3) or Persian (L2, L3) merchants in ancient times, maybe at the time of the Roman Empire.

Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)
Gypsies belong predominantly (about 50%) to haplogroup H1a. Haplogroup H is not otherwise found in Europe, but on the Indian subcontinent.

Haplogroup A (Y-DNA)

A is the oldest of all Y-DNA haplogroups and the closest to the Y-chromosomal Adam. It originated in Africa over 70,000 years ago, most likely in the south-west, around modern Angola and Namibia. Modern populations with the highest percentages of haplogroup A are the Khoisan (such as the Bushmen) and the southern Sudanese. Isolated cases of individuals belonging to haplogroup A have been found in Western Europe (notably Ireland, Britain and Germany). It is believed that these people descend in direct paternal line from Nubians who probably came to Europe during the Roman period, probably as slaves (Nubian gladiators were popular in Rome). It is unlikely that they descend from slaves from the Atlantic slave trade (17th and 18th century) since these came from a part of Africa where A is very rare.

MtDNA Haplogroups

All mtDNA haplogroups found in Europe descend from the N group, which is thought to represent one of the two initial migrations by modern humans out of Africa, some 60,000 to 80,000 years ago. Nowadays haplogroup N is only found at extremely low frequencies in various parts of Eurasia.

Unfortunately, the tiny size of mitochondrial DNA (approximately 16,500 base pairs as opposed to 60 million for Y-DNA) does not allow a very accurate tracing of ancestry. Mitochondrial haplogroups all arose during the Ice Age, a period when humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers, well before the establishment of cities and civilizations. Mitochondrial haplogroups are only linked to ethnicities at a continental level. Those associated with European descent are H, I, J, K, T, U, V, W and X (except the branch X2a which found among Native Americans). Deep subclades can be associated with more specific regions, but do not necessarily match historical ethnic and linguistic groups. One likely reason is that women, through whom mtDNA is passed, tended to marry outside their ethnic group more often than men (e.g. to secure an alliance between two tribes or kingdoms).
Chronological development of mtDNA haplogroups
Note that the age of mitochondrial haplogroups is much more difficult to estimate than Y-DNA haplogroups, due to the tiny sequence of mtDNA and the few number of mutations available. The error margin for the dates below is typically of +-5,000 years, but could even exceed that for older haplogroups.

N => 75,000 years ago (arose in North-East Africa)
R => 70,000 years ago (in South-West Asia)
U => 60,000 years ago (in North-East Africa or South-West Asia)
pre-JT => 55,000 years ago (in the Middle East)
JT => 50,000 years ago (in the Middle East)
U5 => 50,000 years ago (in Western Asia)
U6 => 50,000 years ago (in North Africa)
U8 => 50,000 years ago (in Western Asia)
pre-HV => 50,000 years ago (in the Near East)
J => 45,000 years ago (in the Near East or Caucasus)
HV => 40,000 years ago (in the Near East)
H => over 35,000 years ago (in the Near East or Southern Europe)
X => over 30,000 years ago (in north-east Europe)
U5a1 => 30,000 years ago (in Europe)
I => 30,000 years ago (Caucasus or north-east Europe)
J1a => 27,000 years ago (in the Near East)
W => 25,000 years ago (in north-east Europe or north-west Asia)
U4 => 25,000 years ago (in Central Asia)
J1b => 23,000 years ago (in the Near East)
T => 17,000 years ago (in Mesopotamia)
K => 16,000 years ago (in the Near East)
V => 15,000 years ago (arose in Iberia and moved to Scandinavia)
H1b => 13,000 years ago (in Europe)
K1 => 12,000 years ago (in the Near East)
H3 => 10,000 years ago (in Western Europe)

Genetic Evidence of Aryan Invasion into Indian Subcontinent

2011-12-03T14:11:00.003+01:00

[Taken from IndiaDivine.org]

Latest genetic research supports the anthropological and historical theory
that the Hindu caste system and the link between the Europeans invasion from
west. Those born into higher castes in India may be more related to Europeans,
while lower castes may be more similar to Asians, the research finds.

The original Hindu caste system is said to have started when Indo-European
nomadic groups called Aryans invaded India about 5000 years ago. They set
themselves as priests and then divided the society they encountered into a
four-part caste system -- Brahmans (priests and teachers), Kshatriyas (rulers
and warriors), Vaisyas (merchants and traders) and Sudras (workers and peasants)
who were born to serve the other three. There also are castes within castes; in
all, there are more than 1,000.

Lowest in the social order are the Harijans or Untouchables. They did all
the dirty work.

Researchers from the United States, the United Kingdom, and India studied
the linkage between the Europeans and high caste in India by DNA. "We've been
working in India, asking questions about the origins of the caste system and
tribal populations," says Dr. Michael Bamshad, an assistant professor at the
University of Utah's Eccles Institute of Human Genetics in Salt Lake City. "We
were also interested in the effects of social forces on biological variations."

Bamshad and his colleagues conducted their research by drawing blood from
eight different populations in the lower, middle and upper castes. They compared
five different types of genetic data, Bamshad says. "Two of those types are
inherited only from your mother -- called mitochondrial data -- and two of those
types are from the Y chromosome, so they come only from the father."

The researchers compared the data to about "750 Africans, Asians and
Europeans and then compared the affinities of the castes of different ranks with
those continental groups," Bamshad says.

The genetic data from the mother shows "some evidence of European
markers," Bamshad reports. The higher the caste, the "higher the frequency of
those European markers," he says.
But genes passed on from the father show a more striking pattern. "When we
looked at father markers, we see that the castes are more similar to Europeans
than Asians, again with the upper classes being closer to Europeans than the
lower classes," Bamshad says.

Though discrimination against the ancient caste system was declared
illegal by bothe Nepalese and Indian government, it still continues as part of
day to day life in both countries.

The findings, which appear in the May issue of Genome Research, support
the historical data showing that India was in part populated by people from
Turkey, the Middle East, the Caucasus or Eastern Europe, Bamshad says.

"And it also suggests that those who migrated from Europe often left their
descendents in the higher castes rather than the lower castes," Bamshad says.
"The evidence from the Y chromosomes shows that it was the men who married into
the upper castes, and it appears that more men than women moved into India, and
that certainly is consistent with the concept of a marauding army."

Bamshad's research falls under the rubric of molecular anthropology, says
Peter Underhill, senior research scientist in genetics at Stanford University.
"The main thrust of this research project is to better understand the Indian
population, where it came from, how it developed."

"This research, which attempts to correlate genetics with the historical
record, provides good genetic evidence, and such correlations are reassuring,"
Underhill says. "What's particularly nice about this paper is that it doesn't
emphasize one slice of the genome. It weaves in genetics from both men and
women."

While Bamshad's research has no direct relevance, "it would be of some
interest to medical genetic studies. It's another piece of the puzzle that might
help scientists understand certain traits within the Indian population,"
Underhill says.

The main feature of Indian society, seen at its strongest in the rural areas, is
caste. A caste is a collection of people who share similar cultural and
religious values and practices. Members within a caste generally marry among
themselves; intercaste marriages are a cultural taboo. These social regulations
governing the institution of marriage have resulted in a substructuring of the
Indian gene pool. There are also elaborate social regulations of avoidance of
marriages within castes, and thus there is genomic substructuring even within a
caste.

The origins of the castes in India remain an enigma. Many castes are known to
have tribal origins, as evidenced from various totemic features that manifest
themselves in these caste groups (Kosambi 1964). The caste system in northern
India may have developed as a class structure from within tribes: As agriculture
spread from the Indus River valley to the Gangetic basin, knowledge and
ownership of the means of food production may have created hierarchical
divisions within tribal societies (Kosambi 1964). Karve (1961) has also argued
that "something very like castes were in India" even before Aryan speakers
entered India.

The Aryan world comprised three classes (varnas): priests, nobles, and
commoners. Aryans as the conquering people possibly placed their three classes
on the indigenous Indian society. The varna organization is hierarchical.
Initially, the system had names for two ranks, Brahma (Brahmin) and Kshatra
(Kshatriya), Brahmin being of a socially higher rank than Kshatriya. The third
rank was made up of Vis, that is, all the subjects. To this society, a fourth
rank was added: Shudra, who had no rights to Aryan ritual. In southern India,
the menial workers, the so-called "untouchables", were placed in a new varna,
Panchama (meaning fifth). It is conceivable that the Aryan speakers had greater
contact, including genetic admixture, with the Brahmins, who were professionally
the torchbearers and promoters of Aryan rituals. The Aryan contact should have
been progressively less as one descended the varna ladder. The genetic
expectation, therefore, is that the proportions of those genes (or genomic
features, such as haplotypes or haplogroups) that "characterized" the Aryan
speakers should progressively decline from the highest varna to the lowest and a
reverse trend should be observed with respect to those genes that
"characterized" the indigenous Indians.

Although some previous studies have sought to test this expectation, the
observed trends were equivocal. The primary reason was the lack of data on a
large uniform set of markers from populations of India and central/west Asia
(the region from which the Aryans speakers who entered India originated). The
study by Bamshad et al. (2001), who have also sought to test the above
expectation, is clearly a landmark. Using a very large battery of genomic
markers and DNA sequences, spanning autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y-chromosomal
genomic regions, they have shown that the observed trend of genetic admixture
estimated from castes belonging to different varnas is congruent with
expectations. This trend was observed in each of the three data subsets. The
only exception was in respect of mtDNA restriction site haplotypes, which was
also noted in a recent study conducted by us (Roychoudhury et al. 2000).
However, after combining these haplotype data with DNA sequence data, Bamshad
and colleagues were able to capture the expected trend. Thus, this study not
only provides a wonderful genomic view of the castes and of their origins, but
also underscores the need for careful statistical analysis of genomic data for
drawing appropriate inferences.

The use of "upper", "middle", and "lower" to designate caste hierarchy is much
more recent than the use of varna. Whereas varnas are traditionally defined,
different anthropologists have used different definitions of upper, middle, and
lower castes, in terms of the castes that they included in each of these
clusters. Sometimes these differences in definitions have stemmed from
socio-cultural similarities or differences as noted or perceived by different
anthropologists, and sometimes ranked caste-cluster compositions were altered
for convenience, such as pooling to adjust for small sample sizes. As noted
earlier, in studies such as Bamshad et al.'s, the most appropriate
classification is by varna. As the reader will note, the authors have analyzed
their data using different compositions of hierarchical caste-clusters and have
obtained homologous results. However, it needs to be emphasized that traditional
varna system is the only unequivocally accepted hierarchical system. In studies
pertaining to the origins of castes, one is liable to draw incorrect inferences
by including castes belonging to different varnas in the same ranked cluster.

Bamshad et al. have chosen to study caste populations drawn from a restricted
geographical region of India. They have rightly emphasized the need to replicate
their findings. This is absolutely essential because, as Karve (1961) has noted,
"it is not generally realized that the caste society in a sense was a very
elastic society." Indeed, a caste bearing the same name may have very different
origins in different geographical regions. There are examples in which a tribe
dispersed over a large geographical region, took up different occupations in
different sub-regions, and "fitted" itself into the caste hierarchy on different
rungs. Karve's work has also indicated that each of the different Brahmin castes
(Chitpavan, Sarasvat, etc.) in Maharashtra probably has a different origin.
Thus, the origin of caste populations may not be uniform over the entire India
geographical space, and it is crucial to undertake studies to replicate Bamshad
et al.'s findings. Finally, I would also like to suggest that in future studies
bearing on the origins of the Indian castes, it would be a good idea to include
tribal populations inhabiting the same region along with the caste populations.

REFERENCES

a.. Bamshad, M., Kivisild, T., Watkins, W.S., Dixon, M.E., Ricker, C.E., Rao,
B.B., Naidu, J.M., Prasad, B.V.R., Reddy, P.G., Rasanayagam, A. 2001. Genome
Res. 11: 994-1004[Abstract/Free Full Text].
b.. Karve, I. 1961. Hindu Society - An Interpretation. Deshmukh Prakashan,
Poona.
c.. Kosambi, D.D. 1964. The Culture and Civilisation of Ancient India in
Historical Outline, 1991 Reprint. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
d.. Roychoudhury, S., Roy, S., Dey, B., Chakraborty, M., Roy, M., Roy, B.,
Ramesh, A., Prabhakaran, N., Usha Rani, M.V., Vishwanathan, H. 2000. Curr. Sci.
79: 1182-1192.

Wotan-The Archetype of the Awakened Aryan Man

2011-11-27T11:41:00.007+01:00

Wotan/Woden/Odin represents the archetype of the questing and awakened Aryan man, in particular the questing and awakened Germanic man.
Whilst it is clear from our studies of Germanic mythology that Wotan was not the original primary God of the Germanic pantheon-that honour rests with Tiw/Tyr/Ziu nevertheless Wotan represents that questing and awakened part of the Aryo-Germanic soul more than any other deity.
In this article I wish to focus in particular on Wotan`s sacrifice of his eye and the way in which he has been presented as a wandering and questing God, especially in the Wagner`s music dramas contained within Wagner`s magnum opus, Der Ring des Nibelungen. Wotan appears in only the first three of these music dramas:-Das Rheingold, Die Walkuere and Siegfried. He is conspicuous by his absence from Goetterdaemmerung. In Das Rheingold and Die Walkuere he is known by His primary name of Wotan but in Siegfried, where the emphasis switches to the God-man Siegfried and the world of Middle Earth He appears in His guise as Der Wanderer-the Wanderer.
It is in this human guise that he interacts with the world of men. Der Wanderer makes his appearance in Act One Scene One and is described by Wagner as follows: "The Wanderer[Wotan]enters from the forest through the door at the back of the cave. He is wearing a long, dark-blue cloak; he carries a spear as a staff. On his head he wears a hat with a broad, round brim, which hangs down over his face."
Clearly Wagner is drawing an association with Wotan as the Wild Huntsman who emerges from the forest. It is in the forest that we as His followers may more effectively communicate with Him. He is known in other forms and in particular in England as Herne the Hunter.
His purpose as the Wanderer is two-fold: to obtain wisdom and to impart it.

"Much I`ve fathomed,
much made out:
matters of moment
I`ve made known to many
and many I`ve saved
from whatever irked them,
cares that gnawed at their hearts."
[Stewart Spencer translation].

It is surely no coincidence that all the great advances in technology and learning throughout history have been made by Aryan man and in particular by Germanic man. Within the psyche of Aryo-Germanic man there is a thirst for learning and the acquisition of knowledge and wisdom, not for the sake of acquisition but in order that we may advance to the next stage of our development-the God-man. Aryo-Germanic man is the Sun Initiate who having come from the stars seeks to return there.
It is no coincidence that the modern space age is the direct result of the achievements of German scientists, many of whom were used by both the USA and the USSR after WWII to further their quests for the exploration of outer space.
During the Third Reich Germany experienced an explosion of knowledge and technological development which coincided with the Wotan archetype being unleashed in the collective mind of the German people through His avatar Adolf Hitler.
Germanic man is by his very nature an explorer, an explorer of new worlds, whether on this planet or in outer space, even the world of the human psyche and I think in particular of the Swiss-German founder of Analytical Psychology, Carl Gustav Jung who has done more than anyone else to reveal once again the great Aryan soul-lore of our pre-christian ancestors, knowledge that was suppressed by the alien creed of Christianity.
Wotan represents for us the supreme Aryo-Germanic man[or woman]. He encapsulates everything that we are-or should be. Jessie L. Weston in her Legends of the Wagner Drama defines Wotan as "the embodiment of the spirit of the Germanic peoples."
In order to obtain wisdom Wotan sacrificed his eye for a drink from Mimir`s well, which is where He resorted to to gain wisdom and knowledge. His eye now dwells in the depths of the well. The Eddas do not reveal which eye He sacrificed. By sacrificing His eye He gained wisdom and in many ways this should like his hanging on the world tree be viewed as an initiation. His sacrificed eye is associated with wisdom which cannot be acquired through personal experience but that which is granted to the individual, that which in a sense is inherited just as we inherit wisdom and knowledge via the Collective Unconscious from our ancestors. This type of wisdom is deep as represented by the depths of Mimir`s well and must be associated with the right side of the brain which is the storehouse of images and symbols-the means by which the Collective Unconscious communicates with us whilst the left side of the brain is more analytical and concerned with the human Ego.
Christianity and its associated secular creeds have temporarily detached the Germanic peoples from the Wotan archetype. It is only by responding to His call, the Call of the Blood that we can realise both individually and collectively our supreme destiny.

432,000 Einheriar, the Ragnarok and Kali Yuga

2011-11-20T12:27:00.003+01:00

"Five hundred doors, and forty eke, I think, are in Valhall, Eight hundred Einheriar will at once from each door go when they issue with the wolf to fight."
[The Lay of Grimnir,Younger Edda, Benjamin Thorpe translation].

At the time of the final battle Ragnarok 432,000 faithful warriors[540 x 800], dedicated to Woden, bearing the sign of the knot of the slain/chosen which mark them as belonging to Him will march forth to do battle against the forces of the evil desert idol jehovah and his fundamentalist muslim, christian and judaic hordes. This is reflected in the name Ragnarok itself which reading from right to left[the custom of non-Aryan languages] spells korangar-meaning the spear[gar is Germanic for spear] of the Koran.

The forces of jehovah are currently divided along the following lines:

.The `western`, `democratic`, christian/post-christian/humanist, zionist, capitalist world.

. The eastern, non-democratic, muslim world.

The latter has for the last 20 years been stirred up by the zionist-western world with the deliberate intention of moving towards an `Armageddon` or what we would term the Ragnarok, the destined end of the Gods, although we know from the Eddas that the Gods will not ultimatley die but will be replaced by a new generation of Gods, which I have thus far found 8 in number-Baldr, Hodr, Hoenir, Magni, Modi, Vidar, Vali and Njord. No Godesses are mentioned. I do not know if this was deliberate or merely an oversight.

Interestingly the number 432,000 is the number of years that the Kali Yuga will last according to Hindu mythology. Also the figure of 540 is repeated in The Lay of Grimnir at verse 24:

"Five hundred floors, and forty eke, I think, has Bilskirnir with its windings. Of all the roofed houses that I know, is my son`s the greatest."

The etymology of Bilskirnir is "the one striking lightning with rays of light".
Skaldskaparmal 4 says that Bilskirnir belongs to Thunor.

"It certainly hints vigorously at some common source from which these widely seperated traditions have descended and at some hidden meaning which makes this figure recur in them."[Page 80, The Masks of Odin Wisdom of the Ancient Norse by Elsa-Brita Titchenell.]

Clearly the composer of the Lay of Grimnir intended to draw a direct link between the 432,000 warriors and the event known as Ragnarok and this in turn is directly linked to the end of the Kali Yuga in the Hindu scriptures. As Elsa-Brita Titchenell rightly concludes they must have a common and thus an Aryan source which has been preserved in these two traditions.

Yet Rudolf Simek in his Dictionary of Northern Mythology under the entry for Valhall conjectures that the number may be "traced back to Hellenic influence" without offering a scintilla of evidence and then laughably goes on to say it "is not a number of any particular significance". Mr Simek, I beg to differ!

Wotans Krieger Recommends: `Woden` Edited By Troy Southgate

2011-10-23T10:40:00.001+01:00

`Woden` is volume four of an exciting new series of books edited by Troy Southgate-`Thoughts & Perspectives`.
It consists of 11 powerful essays by 9 contributors including Wulf Ingessunu[also recently published in `Northern Traditions`], Offa Whitesun and Troy Southgate of Woden`s Folk. Other contributors are Dr KR Bolton, Mark Mirabello[author of The Odin Brotherhood],Eowyn[Odinic Rite], Mariella Shearer, Osred[author of Odinism, present, past and future]and Bjorn Grimgal.
This is one of the most powerful books on the subject of the Germanic God Woden/Wotan/Odin that I have read in a long time and managed to finish reading the entire book in just a few days. For me one of the most exciting essays[they are all powerful and inspiring] was Dr Bolton`s `Woden As Archetype The Carl Jung Essay` which draws together all the threads which connect Dr Jung`s work on Wotan, his correspondence with Miguel Serrano and the mystical Wotanist experiences of the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. This essay must be read and reread!
It is also good to see Wulf Ingessunu`s work beginning to reach a far wider audience and I thank Mr Southgate for that.
Please Mr Southgate I would like to see further published work on the subject of the Germanic people`s primary deity!

A Personal Mystical Vision of the Runes

2011-10-17T19:43:00.004+01:00

Last Friday I had an unusual experience when the vision in my left eye was affected. At the time I thought that I might be going blind but a subsequent medical examination revealed it to be an ocular or retinal migraine.
When I closed my left eye I could see a bright fiery ring, a semi-circle in fact and within the rim of this semi-circle I could clearly perceive a sequence of runes.
I blinked and closed my eyes and the same thing happened again.
After several days of reflecting on this stange episode I was reminded that the great Rune Lord Himself, Woden, our All-Father sacrificed an eye in order to gain the wisdom of the runes. We should remember that Woden did not `invent` the runes: they did not originate with Him for they are in a sense timeless. They revealed themselves to Him whilst He hung suspended on the world tree in an apparent shamanic trance state.

"I know that I hung, on a wind-rocked tree, nine whole nights, with a spear wounded, and to Odin offered, myself to myself; on that tree, of which no one knows from what root it springs.
Bread no one gave me, nor a horn of drink, downward I peered, to runes applied myself, wailing learnt them, then fell down thence."
[Poetic Edda, Havamal 140-141]

It is more than possible that whilst in this state Woden was deprived of some if not all of his normal 5 senses and he may have perceived the runes in His `mind`s eye`.

Woden sacrificed an eye to the well of Mimir in exchange for wisdom:

"The owner of this well is called Mimir. He is full of wisdom, because he drinks the waters of the well from the horn Gjoll every morning. One day All-Father came and begged a draught of this water, which he obtained, but was obliged to leave one of his eyes as a pledge for it."
[Prose Edda]

The runes are inextricably linked with the acquisition of wisdom and they have an existence which is independant of the Gods.

The great Rune Master Guido von List received the revelation of his Armanen Futhork whilst in a state of blindness which lasted 11 months following a cataract operation in 1902. Interestingly his 18 rune Futhork is compatable with the 18 rune stanza poem in Havamal, known as the Runatal.

There are two forms of initiation: that outward form which takes the format of induction or reception into a cult such as the varying degrees of profession and oaths within Odinism/Wodenism and the more personal and occult experience which comes from within, apparently initiated by a God. I believe this episode to be a form of esoteric initiation into the secrets of the runes.

The Germanic Thunderweapon

2011-10-08T10:52:00.003+01:00

The Saga Book of the Viking Society, Vol. 24, 1997

An excerpt from:

THE GERMANIC THUNDERWEAPON
by LOTTE MOTZ

THE NORTH-GERMANIC PEOPLE looked to Þórr more than to any other divinity to keep them safe from danger and destruction. Striding through the landscape, fording rivers and traversing forests, he was always watchful for any threat to gods and men. And the enemies of cosmic order were well acquainted with his doughty weapon, for many a giant’s skull was smashed by his hammer, and many a giantess lay dead after an encounter with the deity. The weapon carried by the god must therefore be considered the most vital of all instruments in the battle for survival.
The weapon is invariably designated by the noun hamarr, English ‘hammer’, in the Old Norse texts, and consequently we visualise it in the form of this tool. A close look at the texts reveals, however, some ambiguity in the nature of the implement. Sometimes it is hurled like a missile and sometimes it is brandished like a battleaxe. We may also wonder why a being who is not a craftsman is so consistently pictured with a craftsman’s tool. Let us now consider the texts for a clearer image of the instrument.

Þórr’s weapon in the Old Icelandic texts

Þórr’s weapon was forged for him in the smithy of some dwarfs to serve as a missile and as a weapon of close attack (Skáldskaparmál ch. 35). It would never fail, no matter how hard the blow, and it would return to the owner of its own accord when it was cast. Þórr indeed threw the hammer in his duel with the giant Hrungnir, and he broke the giant’s head into small bits: hann . . . reiddi hamarinn ok kastaði um langa leið at Hrungni (he . . . swung his hammer and threw it from a great distance at Hrungnir; Skáldskaparmál ch. 17). He flung his weapon also at the Midgard snake, as he was fishing in the ocean, and it is said that the monster’s head was struck from the body: Þórr kastaði hamrinum eptir honum, ok segja menn at hann lysti af honum höfuðit vid grunninum (Þórr threw his hammer after it, and they say that he struck off its head by the sea-bed; Gylfaginning ch. 48). In the Eddic poem which relates the same event, the head was merely battered by the tool before the fishing line was cut (Hymisqviða st. 23; Edda 1983, 92):

Hamri kníði háfiall carar,
ofliótt, ofan úlfs hnitbróður.

With his hammer he struck down upon the most ugly head (hair’s high mountain)
of the wolf’s inseparable (or battle-) brother.

A skaldic poem, Úlfr Uggason’s Húsdrápa, also tells the story; here the head, hewn from the body, was sent into the sea:

Víðgymnir laust Vimrar
vaðs af fránum naðri
hlusta grunn við hrönnum.

Víðgymnir of Vimur’s ford struck the head (ear-bed) from the shining
snake by the waves (Skáldskaparmál ch. 4).

And with his hammer Þórr smote and shattered the skull of the giant mason: ok laust þat hit fyrsta högg er haussinn brotnaði í smán mola (and struck the first blow so that his skull was shattered into fragments; Gylfaginning ch. 42).
In his journey to Útgarða-Loki Þórr struck a sleeping giant with such force that the edge of the tool, the hamarsmuðr, sank deeply into the giant’s skull: hann . . . reiðir hamarinn títt ok hart ok lýstr ofan . . . hann kennir, at hamars muðrinn søkkr djúpt í höfuðit (he swings the hammer quickly and hard and strikes down . . . he feels that the edge of the hammer sinks deep into the head; Gylfaginning ch. 45). Three blows were dealt by Þórr, who held the handle with both hands, and he created three large valleys through his deed (Gylfaginning chs 45, 47).
In a verbal battle with the crafty Loki Þórr threatened to sever Loki’s head from the neck with his hammer: herða klett drep ec þér hálsi af (I shall strike the head (rock of shoulders) off your neck; Locasenna st. 57, Edda 1983, 108). A skaldic poet (Bragi gamli) calls Þórr Þrívalda . . . sundrkljúfr níu höfða (cleaver apart of Þrívaldi’s nine heads; Skáldskaparmál ch. 4). If we consider the verbs describing the action of the hamarr we find that kljúfa has an unequivocal sense of ‘to cleave’; we also find drepa af, knýja ofan, ljósta af, ljósta ofan; the words af and ofan add to the basic sense of ‘strike’ a sense of removal, of putting into another place; drepa höfuð af is the term for ‘beheading’ in Gulaþingslög no. 259 (NGL I 84–85; cf. no. 241, NGL I 80). We thus find the sense of ‘severing’, an action accomplished by an axe. The phrase högg hamars is also found (Þrymsqviða st. 32; Edda 1983, 115); the noun högg often denotes an act of hewing; axes and swords are denoted as höggvápn by Snorri (Skáldskaparmál ch. 49).
The instances in which a head is severed from the shoulders, or severing is threatened (Húsdrápa, Locasenna st. 57, Gylfaginning ch. 48), indicate the performance of an axe. The ‘cleaving’ of the heads of Þrívaldi, in its turn, points to the employment of an axe. The noun muðr designates in Old Icelandic the steel edge of an axe (RGA 1973– I, 536); it is the muðr of Þórr’s weapon which penetrates deeply into a giant’s skull (Gylfaginning ch. 45). This muðr creates the indentations of three valleys; again the employment of an axe is suggested by this action.1 The shattering of the head of the giant mason (Gylfaginning ch. 42), conversely, suggests the action of a hammer. Þórr’s tool does not produce the sounds which are linked with iron hammers.
The ambiguous use of Þórr’s instrument, as hammer, missile or axe, has not been given much attention in Germanic scholarship. Sometimes the weapons are equated. The archaeologist Peter Paulsen includes, without explanation, a chapter on ‘Þórr’s hammer’ in his book on axes (Paulsen 1956, 205–21). Þórr’s hammer is related to or equated with cultic axes of prehistoric times, such as those in rock drawings from the Bronze Age.2 Jan de Vries declares that axes and hammers represent the same instrument (de Vries 1956–57, II 125).
Others, however, have taken account of the discrepancy. In the earlier edition of his book, de Vries (1935–37, II 213) assumes that Þórr’s hammer had originated in an axe of stone. Hilda Ellis Davidson suggests that the hammer was substituted for an earlier axe when men became impressed by the fires of the blacksmith’s forge (Gelling and Davidson 1969, 145–46). Oscar Montelius believes that a hammer replaced the earlier tool when the original meaning of the word hamarr had been forgotten (Montelius 1910, 69; cf. Simpson 1979).
Through my own examination I have reached the conclusion that Þórr’s weapon was originally a stone or a tool of stone and that it was later visualised in many forms: as a wedge, chisel, bolt, or spear, as a stone or club, as a hammer or an axe. The image of an axe was prominent because of its high social and religious significance. Let us now consider the various aspects of Þórr’s implement.

1 The valleys are ‘four-sided’; yet the edge of the tool, the hamars muðr (i. e. peen), could not have created a square indentation. Since we are told that the instrument sank in ‘up to the handle’ we may assume that it was the square back of the tool which left the imprint.
2 Marold 1974, 209–11, seems to equate the axes on rock drawings with hammers. She declares, 218–19: ‘Axt und Hammer sind nichts Neues in Skandinavien, seit der Steinzeit finden wir dort Kultäxte und Amulettäxte . . . Dennoch erlebt der Hammer, resp. die Axt im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert eine Art Renaissance.’

The significance of hammers

In our time the instrument denoted as a hammer consists of a shaft of wood and a head of iron. The head ends in one or two flat surfaces, set parallel to the direction of the shaft. The iron part may also end in one sharpened edge set at right angles to this direction. The tool is employed for crushing or for driving. Hammers are not easily discovered in the finds of prehistoric times. It appears that in archaic times the act of hammering was performed with a stone, a club, or the blunt end of an axe. The specialised tool, designed for beating or driving, belongs to the iron worker’s craft. Iron hammers did not appear in the Germanic area until the beginning of the Christian era (RGA 1911–19, II 372–73 under Hammer). The hammer of the Germanic blacksmith was made in various forms. A square head might have its shaft-hole placed in the centre or close to the butt. The head might end in a rounded surface and also possess a sharpened edge, set at right angles to the direction of the shaft (fig. l, p. 349 below).
Frequently the tools have been discovered in the graves of artisans (Müller-Wille 1977, 149–51). Sometimes an artisan’s utensils were also found in combination with grave gifts of a different sort. A burial place in Vestly, Rogaland (sixth century) contains a sword, arrowheads, knives, jewels, and a hammer as well as other smith’s tools (Müller- Wille 1977, 166–67). We may deduce that some men, engaged in various pursuits, might also practice the blacksmith’s craft. The richest find of ironworkers’ utensils was discovered in Mästermyr on Gotland in a wooden box which might have been lost by accident (Müller-Wille 1977, 190–92).
In the Eddas, hammers are presented (except for Þórr’s hammer) in relation to the smithy and the blacksmith’s work. In the dawn of time the gods created hammer and tongs and anvil, and thereafter all other tools (Gylfaginning ch. 14). The master smith Völundr crafted with his hammer precious objects for his royal captor (Völundarqviða st. 20; Edda 1983, 120). His tale of insult and revenge found pictorial expression: the craftsman and his tools, anvil, tongs and hammers are shown on the well-known Franks Casket (about AD 700); the picture stone of Ardre VIII of Gotland (ninth century) displays the smith’s tongs and hammers and the victims of his vengeance (Müller-Wille 1977, 132, fig. 1). Reginn, who forged a precious sword for his fosterling Sigurðr, is another famous smith of Germanic literature. The adventures of Sigurðr were frequently depicted in the Middle Ages, engraved on memorial stones, stone crosses, baptismal fonts, or even the portal of a church (Müller-Wille 1977, 130–31, 134). In one of the scenes the smith Reginn, slain by Sigurðr for his treachery, lies amidst his tools, his hammers, tongs, anvil and bellows (rock drawing in Södermanland in Sweden). In another the living craftsman creates the weapon with his utensils: hammer, tongs and anvil (church portal in Hylestad, Setesdal; Müller-Wille 1977, 133, fig. 2). The images of tongs and hammers are also carved on the burial stones of human artisans (in Denmark).
The assembled evidence shows clearly that the hammer was one of the most important of the blacksmith’s implements, present in pictorial and textual references to his calling, and in the assemblages of his tools, laid beside the craftsman in his burial place, symbolising his life’s work on his stone.
No evidence, however, indicates that the employment or the symbolism of the hammer transcended the narrow boundary of the blacksmith’s craft. Neither archaeology nor texts point to the use of hammers in warfare or to any status in the ritual of religious or public life. Serving exclusively as craftsmen’s tools, they are not listed by Snorri Sturluson among the arms of combat, such as axes, lances, swords, or arrows (Edda Snorra Sturlusonar 1848–87, I 563–71). They are not listed by archaeologists among the ordinary tools of a farmer’s household but only, with other instruments, among the implements of skilled artisans. Hammers were not crafted for a symbolic purpose, nor employed in ceremonial, nor enriched with decorations or shaped into elaborate forms. Though in the course of the centuries beliefs and superstitions might become attached to the blacksmith and his hammer, the tool was in Germanic times symbolic only of the iron worker’s trade. (Certain amulets will be discussed later.)

Þórr and his implement

Not a single act of craftsmanship is ascribed to Þórr. He is not a craftsman but a fighter. An artisan’s implement is not a fitting attribute for a person whose life’s work is battle. Þórr’s instrument is never shown with other craftsman’s tools, and it does not produce the sound of a hammer. Þórr, as an armed weather god, has counterparts in other Indo-European mythologies, e. g., the Roman Jupiter, Indian Indra, Greek Zeus, Slavic Perun, Celtic Taranis, Latvian Pe–rkons. We cannot doubt that the figure of Þórr reaches back into Indo-European times. In the age of Indo-European unity, which preceded the Iron Age, this god could not have held an iron worker’s hammer. Indeed, the gods are pictured with various arms: bolts, axes, clubs, or arrows. If Þórr later wields an iron hammer it must have supplanted the earlier thunderweapon, as has been suggested by some scholars.
There is no evidence, however, to show that hammers supplanted earlier aggressive arms. Hammers have not been recovered from hoards of Viking treasure and thus could not have held much practical or symbolic significance. The most exalted place in weaponry was in medieval times accorded to the sword. One hundred and thirty-three sword names are listed in the þulur (name lists in Snorra Edda) and not a single hammer name. Mysterious powers were attributed to some swords, as to that of Freyr which fights by itself when wielded by a doughty warrior (For Scírnis st. 8–9; Edda 1983, 71). Swords were forged for young warriors by master craftsmen, such as the sword Gramr for Sigurðr or the sword Nálhringr for Þiðrekr. If an older weapon of high religious status, a guarantor of life and its continuation, were to be replaced by a weapon of the Iron Age it would naturally have been supplanted by a sword.
Þórr’s weapon is often a shafted instrument, whether a hammer or an axe. Let us see whether the older tool, the axe, was ever superseded by a hammer. In contrast to hammers, axes appear frequently in archaeological finds in the Germanic area, onwards from the Neolithic Age. Crafted in flint and later in bronze and iron, they retained importance and significance and became the favourite weapon of the Viking raiders. From the earliest times onwards axes were imbued with religious value; cultic axes are seen among the rock drawings of the Bronze Age and were graven on memorial stones.

Miniature axes have been found that were intended to be worn as amulets or for adornment in a tradition which extended in certain areas from the Stone Age to the time of the Viking incursions (Paulsen 1956, 190–221; de Vries 1956–57, I 116). Throughout the northern and north-western parts of Europe we come upon especially precious and richly decorated blades. These must have served as a sign of rank for warriors of high station. To substantiate this assumption we may point to an illustration by Matthew Paris in a manuscript of the second quarter of the thirteenth century depicting the battle of Stamford Bridge; here King Harald harðráði alone holds an axe while his followers wield various other weapons.
From the thirteenth century onwards a crowned lion, clasping an axe, is depicted on the royal seal of Norway (Paulsen 1956, 262). Thus we do not find that the hammer has replaced the axe in warfare or in heraldry. When Christianity and Christian imagery came to the North of Europe the cross was shown on certain axes, as on the axe of Sibirsk (Paulsen 1956, 138), indicating their unbroken sanctity. Christian imagery did not find expression on workmen’s hammers, and in St Olaf’s axe the tool retained its religious significance into Christian times. Axes, furthermore, were not supplanted by hammers in folk traditions.
Axes are cast on the eve of the Thursday (Þórr’s day) before Easter onto the sprouting fields to promote the growth of fruit (de Vries 1956–57, II 122). Axes still function in the marriage customs of modern times; they may be placed beneath the bridal bed or on the threshhold which the bride must cross.11 Axes are employed against the ravages of storm and wind. In Slesvig-Holstein an axe is thrust into a door-post in the course of a thunderstorm. It may also be laid on the table to keep lightning from the dwelling (Schwantes 1939, I 273). Axes and not there is a figure holding an axe in its hand from a burial-find in Grevensvænge in Zealand; two drawings made before 1780 show that the figure was one of a pair when found (see RGA 1973– , I 564).
We may conclude that hammers did not replace earlier implements in folk belief, heraldry, ceremonial, or human warfare. This finding is not surprising, for the blacksmith did not rise above other classes in the Germanic Middle Ages, and the highest office of the land was held by a warrior king. The two important smiths of Germanic literature, Reginn and Völundr, are shown in humilation and defeat. It is true that Þórr appears at times in humble form with the features of a peasant lad, but he was never redrawn as a blacksmith.
It might be argued that in his form as a folktale hero the god might do battle with an ordinary household tool. But in Viking times hammers were not common household equipment. They are not listed in the inventories of Viking artifacts among household tools, such as knives, scythes, sickles or axes, but only among the special equipment of skilled artisans. The very rarity of hammer finds also shows that they were not common in a household (cf. note 4 above). Moreover, the Norse farmers accomplished their bloody deeds with spears, axes, pikes or swords, and even a servant might wield a spear (Ynglinga saga ch. 48, ÍF XXVI 80), whereas hammers are never named. Even the craftsmen of the texts, Reginn, Vo≈lundr, and the skilful dwarfs, did not employ their craftsmen’s tools in battle, for these creatures fight their enemies by magic means (Motz 1983, 90–115). I venture to assert that no episode of the Icelandic texts shows the killing of a man with a craftsman’s hammer. Þórr’s deeds thus would have no model in the literature, myth, folklore or social reality of Norse tradition. It is true that in one humorous poem Þórr is cast in the role of a blacksmith (Þjóðólfr Arnórsson, 11th century; ÍF IX 267–68). In this poem the noun hamarr does not appear; the man is named in mockery the Sigurðr of the sledgehammer (Sigurðr sleggju), the king of the tongs (konungr tangar) and the Þórr of the bellows (Þórr smiðbelgja). The poem testifies, incidentally, to the low esteem accorded to the craftsman by the warrior. The poem does not point to any special relationship between the god and the craftsman’s hammer.
If the hammer did not replace other instruments in heraldry, ceremonial, human warfare, and especially in folk belief, why should it replace the Stone Age instrument in the hand of Þórr? Yet the noun hamarr consistently designates the weapon in the texts. We may wonder if the noun has a less specific meaning, denoting simply the mighty object in Þórr’s hand. Let us now consider how the instrument was visualised in various sources.

11 Bächtold-Stäubli 1927–42, I 743–48 under Axt. It must be noted, however, that in one small area near Skåne, it is a hammer which is laid beneath the bed of the bride (see Elgquist 1934).

The visualisation of Þórr’s weapon

We find Þórr’s weapon visualised as various objects and a hammer is not prominent. On a picture stone from Altuna, Uppland (eleventh century) the god holds a shafted instrument which might indeed be a hammer; it might also be a double axe, such as those of the rock drawings of the Bronze Age (fig. 2, p. 349 below). On the Gosforth Stone (tenth or eleventh century) the shafted object holds a greater resemblance to an axe than to a hammer. On a stone of Ardre (ninth century) a spear is wielded against a water monster. On Thorvaldr’s Cross Slab (Isle of Man, tenth century) a male figure carries fish, dangling from a cross, and he holds a square object, a stone or a book, ready to be hurled, in his right hand (Gschwantler 1968, 166).
In describing Þórr’s statue in the temple of Uppsala, Adam of Bremen (IV 26; 1961, 470) mentions a sceptre as Þórr’s attribute, and this information is repeated by Olaus Magnus (1555, 100), where Þórr is depicted with a sceptre in a woodcut. It is true that Saxo Grammaticus mentions ‘Jove’s hammers’, malleos quos Ioviales vocabant, in his Gesta Danorum (1931–57, I 350); these are, however, not the weapons of the god, but cultic instruments which might imitate the sound of thunder. Þórr’s weapon, on the other hand, is a club, clava, in his account (Saxo Grammaticus 1979–80, I 72; 1931–57, I 66). Saxo thus clearly distinguishes between the hammer, a cultic tool, and the clava, the mighty weapon. And the giant Geruthus is slain by a sword, chalybs (Saxo Grammaticus 1931–57, I 242). In one of the Anglo-Saxon dialogues Solomon and Saturn, thunder swings a fiery axe (Menner 1941, 169).
According to the folklore of Värend in Småland thunder is a stone, thrown by Þórr or Gofar, still often found in places which were struck by thunder; such a stone is designated as thorenvigg, ‘Þórr’s wedge’ (Hyltén-Cavallius 1863–68, II 222). A modern farmer of this area told that he had seen the god riding in his carriage; he has also been seen carrying a bolt of stone in his hand (Montelius 1910, 77). The Swedish names thornkile, ‘Þórr’s wedge’, thorensten, ‘Þórr’s stone’, the Norwegian torelod, ‘Þórr’s ball’, indicate that the instrument was viewed as a stone, a ball or a wedge. The Greek noun keraunos, ‘thunderbolt’, was routinely translated as thorvigge in Danish medieval texts (Blinkenberg 1911a, 69).
A kenning in a skaldic poem, descriptive of Þórr’s weapon, evokes the image of a battle-axe (Þjóðólfr hvinverski, Haustlöng st. 17; Skáldskaparmál ch. 17). Here Þórr is named the ‘friend of the troll of the snout’, rúni tro≈lls trjónu; trjóna ‘snout’ is a variant of muðr ‘mouth’ which also designates the cutting edge of an axe; battleaxes are traditionally referred to as troll-women. Þórr is thus the ‘friend of the edged battleaxe’.
We thus find the following objects in Þórr’s hand: a bolt, a stone, an axe, possibly a hammer, a wedge, a spear, a ball, a sceptre or a club, while in the Icelandic texts one noun only is employed.13 We may also observe that the noun sleggja ‘sledge-hammer’ is never used for Þórr’s implement. It has been claimed that the hammer was engraved on memorial stones of medieval times. What was engraved, however, is the image of certain amulets which may bear a resemblance to a hammer in some of their stylisations. These will now be discussed.

13 A statuette of bronze from Eyrarland in Iceland is traditionally believed to represent the god Þórr with his hammer. An unprejudiced look at the object in the man’s clasp shows that this has small resemblance to a hammer. Its shaft is split in the middle, terminates in three knobs, rests on the man’s knees, and issues from beneath his mouth. It is held in a way in which no hammer is ever held. When the picture of the statuette was shown by me to persons unacquainted with Norse scholarship, the object was never recognised as a hammer. If it was identified at all it was identified as a musical instrument (cf. Motz 1992). In the present article the object on the man’s knees is not counted among the forms in which Þórr’s weapon was conceived.

The amulets

Small artifacts that could be fastened to a chain or a ring, made of iron, but also of more precious metals, plain or elaborately decorated, have been discovered in areas of Scandinavia. They are ascribed to the tenth century AD. Since a vertical part, resembling a shaft, extends from a horizontal part, resembling a hammer’s head, the relics are interpreted as replicas of the hammer swung by Þórr, and the name ‘Þórr’s hammer’ has been applied. They are said to indicate a rise of fervour of pagan faith in the face of triumphant Christianity.

The interpretation of these objects as ‘hammers’ may be questioned. They are flat, sometimes elaborately decorated and fashioned of precious metals, of minute size, and they were worn as jewels or as amulets. The blacksmith’s hammer is invariably bulky and consists of wood and iron. In most examples of the amulets there is no separation between ‘shaft’ and ‘head’; sometimes the decoration proceeds unbroken from the horizontal to the vertical section. A hammer’s head is always bulkier than the shaft; in the ornaments the thinnest part is at the bottom of the vertical section, and never at the top. The artifacts thus would represent a very stylised version of the craftsman’s tool.
Hammers were, however, never manufactured in stylised form; they were not produced in miniature or in precious metal; they were never decorated and were never worn as amulets. Hammers, it was noted earlier, are not listed among the artifacts of Viking treasure.
Some of the amulets resemble the blade of an axe. We may recall that axe blades are flat and may be fashioned in precious metal; they are seen in very stylised form and are often adorned with elaborate decorations (sometimes the decoration of an amulet is the same as that incised on certain axes; Paulsen 1956, 208). The thickening of the horizontal section recalls the thickening of an axe-blade towards the shaft. The pointed excrescence at the end recalls the curve of the edge. Axe blades were produced in miniature through the ages. The custom was indeed very popular at the time of the Viking raids (RGA 1973– , I 566). Miniature blades of silver, named St Olaf’s Axe, are sold to the present day (figs. 3, 4, 5, pp. 349–50 below). On the basis of the evidence I suggest that the so-called ‘Þórr’s hammer’ represents yet another form of the axe-blade pendants of archaic tradition. It is true that some amulets resemble hammers and some even bear resemblance to the Christian cross. We know that the Christian cross exerted great influence on the pagan symbol; and some images show its transformation into a cross (Paulsen 1956, 217). Paulsen also points out (1956, 205) that stylistically the forms of miniature axes, miniature hammers and miniature crosses flow into one another.15

I suggest that the object known as ‘Þórr’s hammer’ represents a middle stage between the axe blade and the cross. Paulsen observes with regard to axes (1956, 233): ‘In the Viking Age we recognise the axe . . . as the symbol of battle, of power, of dignity, of legality, ownership, and salvation’ (my translation).

15 Paulsen further states that some ‘hammers’ resemble amber crosses worn as amulets. Amulets in the form of crosses are reproduced in Paulsen 1956, 200, figs e, f. Among the charms which dangle from an archaic Greek necklace is one identical in shape to one of the Germanic ‘hammer’ amulets. It surely did not reproduce Þórr’s hammer (Cook 1914–40, II, fig. 633 on p. 700).

I suggest that it was the axe blade and not the hammer which symbolised loyalty to the pagan faith. The hammer, therefore, did not replace the ancient image of the axe blade in the jewellery.
It has been claimed that the custom of wearing amulets was stimulated by the Christian custom of wearing the Christian cross. The wearing of amulets, was, however, an established tradition among the Germanic peoples. Hundreds of golden bracteates, showing scenes of cultic significance, for instance, which testify to the popularity of the practice, have been discovered and ascribed to the Migratory period.16

16 Hilda Ellis Davidson (1965, 13) asserts that the image of Þórr’s hammer appears on runic stones which also show an inscription to the god. This claim cannot be substantiated: what appears is the image of the amulet, as can clearly be noted in some instances by the presence of the loop. And these stones do not coincide with the stones bearing inscriptions to Þórr. The latter are seen on the stones of Glavendrup in Fyn, Virring in North Jutland, Sønderkirkeby on Falster, all in Denmark, and Velanda Skattegården in Västergötland, Sweden (Marold 1974, 195–96). The ‘hammer’ sign appears on stones in Læborg, Spentrup, Hanninge in Jutland, and Schonen, Åby in Västermo, Stenkvista Kirka in Södermanland, Karlevi in Öland, Gårdstanga in Skåne; enumerated in Paulsen 1956, 216, and in Marold, 1974, 196. On such a stone the amulet may turn into a cross (Paulsen 1956, 217).

The magic sign

A sign, actually named Þórshamarr, does, in fact, exist in Norse tradition; it resembles a swastika. Such signs are found on archaic artifacts, on boundary markers, on runic stones, and on the bracteates of the Middle Ages. The sign occurs in many regions of the world, and does not seem to have originated in the North of Europe. We may assume that here an important sign became attached to an important god (de Vries 1956–57, II 127). It has no relation to a hammer and here we find an example of an object, designated by the noun hamarr, which has no link with the craftsman’s tool.

The noun hamarr

If we assume that Þórr’s weapon was visualised in many forms we may wonder why one noun was so consistently and unvaryingly applied. We may also search for the underlying reason. My investigation of the noun hamarr has led me to the following conclusion: the noun has another meaning,‘stone’; Þórr’s weapon was originally a stone or a tool of stone; the old name was kept when his emblem was conceived in various ways.
The Old Icelandic hamarr is possibly traceable to an Indo-European root *(a)kam- with the meaning ‘pointed’, ‘sharp’, ‘stone’. We thus find Sanskrit á´sman- ‘stone, rock’, Lithuanian akmuõ ‘stone’, Greek ákmon– ‘anvil’, Old Slavonic kamy ‘stone weapon’, Avestan asman- ‘stone, heaven’, Old High German hamar ‘hammer’, ‘hammer used as a weapon’, Old Icelandic hamarr ‘crag, rock, cliff’ (de Vries 1962, 207; Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon 1989, 303).
The meanings indicate that the craftsman’s tool, the ‘hammer’, was originally a stone. This indication is verified by archaeology. Flattened stones without handles have been excavated in Denmark near places where iron smelting took place as late as the last centuries before the Christian era, together with stone anvils to work the iron which was gained from swamps (fig. 6 on p. 350 below; Brøndsted 1957–60, III 113). Germanic speech thus retained the name of the simpler tool after it had been replaced by the shafted instrument of wood and iron.
If we apply the sense of ‘stone’ to the noun hamarr and remember that the god’s name corresponds to English ‘thunder’, we may understand the phrase ‘Þórr’s hammer’ to be the linguistic counterpart to English ‘thunderstone’, German Donnerstein, Dutch dondersteen, Danish tordensten, Norwegian torestein. These names are given to certain Stone Age relics through which in folk belief thunder was created, and they may lead us to trace a connection between Þórr’s weapon and the ancient concept of the thunderstone.

The thunderstone

The belief that thunder and lightning are caused by a stone which falls to earth from heaven is apparent in a great number of traditions. The agent is identified with prehistoric artifacts of stone, stone chisels and stone axes, and also fossils which are encountered in the fields. The belief has kept its vitality in the Germanic area into modern times. It is thought that in its fall the object becomes deeply embedded in the earth and that it will slowly rise to the surface. Wonderful qualities are attributed to such a stone. It is treasured, put in a special place within the house, hung up near the chimney or beneath the roof, or set on the shelf for storing milk. Above all, it will protect the house against lightning, but it may also guard the health of cattle, or keep the trolls from harming men.
We have noted that the concrete form of the talisman is identified with prehistoric artifacts of stone. It is only natural that many names should be recorded for a significant element of folk belief, and some of these will be cited here.
We find Danish tordenbolt, tordenkile, tordenkølle, dönnesten, tordensten, Sebedeje, Swedish thorvigge, thorenvigg, godviggen, thornkilen, thornskil, gomorsten, thorensten, askvig, oskpil, Norwegian torestein, torelod, dynestein, toreblyg, Dutch donderbeitel, donderkeil, dondersteen, German Schurstein, Donneraxt, Donnerkeil, Donnerhammer, English thunderbolt, thunderaxe, thunderhammer, thunderstone, thunderflone. Some of the names that have archaic forms have an archaic sense, and we cannot be completely sure of their meaning. We have some certainty, however, that the weapon was visualised as a stone, an axe, an arrow (English bolt, Danish bolt, Swedish pil), as a wedge (German Keil, Danish kile, Norwegian blyg, Dutch keil), a club (Danish kølle), a chisel (Dutch beitel), or a round ball (Norwegian lod). We may observe that Iceland, alone in the Germanic area, does not evince a belief in thunderstones (though one instance has been recorded). Notions concerning the concept are also rare in northern Norway. Thunderstorms are infrequent in northern Norway and are exceptional in Iceland. The tradition might have been forgotten or might never have developed (cf. Blinkenberg 1911b, 93). The objects encountered in these places are all of stone, and they represent, as a wedge, a bolt, a knife or a chisel, the kind of utensil which had originated in pre-metal times.

The thunderstone in non-Germanic tradition

The wide diffusion of the belief in thunderstones is indeed surprising. The traditions from outside the Germanic area exhibit strong resemblances to the Germanic pattern. It is thought that the stone has dropped from heaven, that it is embodied in stone artifacts of prehistoric times, axes, knives and arrowheads of flint, that it is embedded in the earth and will slowly rise to the surface, that it has protective qualities, especially that of shielding men from lightning. It is sometimes worn as an amulet to guard its owner against danger.
Evidence of these beliefs has come from Hungary, Lithuania, Belgium, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Asia Minor, Assam, Burma, Cambodia, China, Japan, the Guinea Coast, and the Sudan (Blinkenberg 1911b, 98–120). We find the semantic equivalent of the Germanic name ‘thunderstone’ in the Lithuanian Perkuno akmuõ (Perkun is the god of thunder), Moravian kámen hromovi, French pierre de tonnerre, Spanish piedra de rayo, Portuguese pedra de raio, Italian pietra de truono, ancient Greek keraunía líthos.
As in the Germanic area, the name may indicate that the lethal missile was envisaged as a Stone Age tool, as in Greek astropoléki, ‘sky-axe’, or as a weapon, as in Hungarian Isten mjila, ‘god’s arrow’ (Blinkenberg 1911b, 99 (wrongly printed Iften), 107).

The name Mjöllnir

The name of Þórr’s weapon, Mjöllnir, has been connected with Icelandic mjöll, a word for fresh snow, with reference to its shining or flashing, and to mala and mølva ‘to grind’ (de Vries 1962, 390; cf. Alexander Jóhannesson 1956, 677). It is also plausible to relate the name to Slavic and Baltic cognates: Old Slavonic mlunuji, Russian molnija, ‘lightning’, and Latvian milna for Perkuns’s weapon (see Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon 1989, 627). It is noteworthy that in Slavic and Baltic the thunderstone is designated by a noun that is cognate with Icelandic hamarr : Lithuanian Perkuno akmuõ, and Moravian kámen hromovi. These facts suggest that the Slavic, Baltic, and Germanic peoples, who were neighbours, had at one time formed a cultural subgroup among the Indo-European nations.

The thunderstone and the god Þórr

Hyltén-Cavallius (1863–68, II 222; quoted in Blinkenberg 1911b, 87) reports that lightning is believed to be a ‘wedge of stone thrown by Thorr or Gofar, and is still often found in the places where the thunder has struck’. This object is called thorenvigg, ‘Þórr’s wedge’. That Þórr was brought into relation with the thunderstone is shown by the names thorvigge, thornkile, thorenvigg, thornskil, thorensten (Swedish), taarenstien (Danish), torestein, torelod, toreblyg (Norwegian). We may understand that folk belief had placed the agent of the thunder clap into the hands of the mighty god. A modern account, cited earlier (p. 337), actually notes that Þórr carried a ‘thunderbolt of stone’. The attachment of the phenomenon to a god is also evident in non-Germanic traditions in such names as Perkuno akmuõ, and in Latin Jovis tela, ‘Jupiter’s arrows’.

We may assume that two different beliefs existed side by side: that the stone fell of its own volition and that it was hurled by a god. It is surely a mark of faith in human achievement and in humanist values when the destructive power of the thunderstorm is controlled by a god in human form who is also the ‘friend of men’. In tracing Þórr’s weapon to the thunderstone we may understand why it was sometimes cast, for it retained the ancient image of the fall from heaven. The return of Þórr’s weapon of its own accord parallels the rising of the thunderstone from its embedding in the earth. We also understand why it retained its ancient name. But we must not forget that in later times it was also seen in various other forms.

The thunderweapon in non-Germanic mythologies

The awe and terror caused by thunder and the lightning stroke clearly left their mark on folk belief throughout the world. They also left their imprint on sophisticated mythologies. In the traditions of the Ancient Middle East the rule of the pantheon is accorded to the weather god who wields the weapon of the thunderstorm. And he is almost always pictured with his sign of sovereignty. In Syrian iconography he is shown with a club as he strides across the mountains (Helck 1971, 170), and the weather god carved into the rock Yazilikaya of Anatolia holds a spear (von Schuler 1965, 212). In north-Syrian images of the first millennium BC the axe is the most common of his attributes. The Mesopotamian god of arms, Ningirsu, is in possession of a seven-headed mace (Jacobsen 1947, 394). Zeus triumphs over Typhoaeus with a bolt, but he is also shown with a double axe, a spear, and even with a sword (Cook 1914–40, II 559, 704, 712, 722, fig. 669 and plate XXX). The battles of the gods are of vital significance, for through them the order of the cosmos is created and upheld. We may observe that the instrument used for fighting the divine battle shows some resemblance to the fighting tool of folk belief, envisaged as a stone, a mace, a club or an arrow. The archaic object has assumed various forms in the myths. From a missile it has turned, in many cases, into an instrument of close attack. In the instances in which the weapon is hurled, the ancient image of the fall from heaven has been retained.

The god Þórr

We cannot doubt that Þórr belongs in kind with the strong god of storms through whom the cosmos is upheld. He possesses the ancient thunderweapon, and, like that of Zeus, it has retained its name. It is clear that the medieval Norsemen no longer remembered the derivation of the instrument or the archaic meaning of its name. When it was associated with Þórr, the noun hamarr did not relate to a well-defined entity of men’s surroundings; it had received a meaning of its own as an object of sacred and mysterious significance. Thus no synonym is ever used for Þórr’s attribute.
If we examine the figure of the god in the Germanic context we still find him as the champion of cosmic order, and he is depicted, above all, in his relentless fight against the giants. He has acquired the features of a folktale hero who achieves his triumphs through his strength of muscle rather than his sovereignty over the elements of nature. In the Icelandic texts he has all but lost his relation to the thunderstorm. While his ride in a goat-drawn carriage may cause the fires of the earth to blaze and the mountains to burst asunder, it does not create the destruction of the thunderstorm.
His hamarr, in turn, is bereft of meteorological significance. By the time of our sources it has become above all Þórr’s invincible weapon. What was retained was the ancient name, its occasional use as a missile, its voluntary return, and its deadly impact on the enemy. The Slavonic kámen hromovi, the Lithuanian Perkuno akmuõ, as names for the thunderweapon, using nouns which are cognate to Germanic hamarr, indicate that the designation had already existed in Indo-European times. It is only natural that a name meaning ‘stone’ should be given to an instrument of stone.
If the name hamarr was given to the thunderstone, as argued in this article, the meaning ‘stone’ was subsequently lost in the Scandinavian languages except for Icelandic natural features, where the word is used to mean rock, crag or cliff. The name has remained, however, in the West Germanic languages in isolated instances, e. g. English thunderhammer, German Donnerhammer. In a Middle High German curse, cited by Grimm, donerstein actually interchanges with hamer : sô slahe mich ein donerstein (let me be slain by a donerstein), and dat di de hamer sla (may you be struck by a hamer).20

20 Grimm 1875–78, I 149, 151. The archaic sense of hammer as ‘stone’ is retained in a few instances in West Germanic speech. The name of the Highland game of ‘throwing the hammer’ has a counterpart in the Middle High German name steinstosson, also used of a game. The German Hammerwurf, denoting a short distance, parallels the English ‘stone’s throw’. In Dutch both compounds are preserved: steenworp and hamerworp.

Summary

Þórr’s weapon has traditionally been held to be a hammer, but in this article I have questioned this assumption. Þórr’s use of this weapon is ambiguous and it is visualised in various forms. The worship of the god predates the use of iron hammers. A hammer did not replace an earlier implement in Germanic folk belief, imagery, ceremonial or warfare. The noun hamarr has the meaning of ‘stone’, ‘rock’. The belief in thunderstones was widespread in the Germanic area. The thunderstone was often believed to be Þórr’s weapon. A similar process took place in ancient mythologies. Þórr’s earliest weapon was a stone which later was also seen in other forms: among these the axe is prominent. His weapon did not receive its name or nature from the ironworker’s tool but from the ancient concept of the thunderstone. The noun hamarr was retained after it had acquired a new meaning. It denotes the variety of forms in which the thunderweapon is envisaged. Not only the instrument, but also its name existed in Indo-European times.

The Axe-Supreme Symbol of the Aryan Race

2011-10-03T21:37:00.005+01:00

The axe is one of the most ancient of Aryan symbols, being associated both with the Battle Axe culture of the Indo-Europeans and its links with the Aryan Thunder God. It has thus both a religious and an ethnic significance.
The oldest known axes are associated with the Nordic peoples and it is thus safe to conjecture that this instrument which is both a tool and a weapon originated with our own race.
Archaeological finds of ceremonial axes dating back to the Neolithic Age have been found as burial or religious votive deposits, including examples buried underneath northern European megaliths, dwelling sites, in tombs, bogs, fields and hearths. The frequent positioning of often valuable axes upright in the earth with the cutting edge in the air is an indication of the ritual use of the axes. Miniture axes worn as pendants have also been found.
The sacred use of the axe is indicative of the existence of a prehistoric axe God. The cult of this axe God ccontinued into the Bronze Age. Prehistoric pictures of an axe God are frequent in rock art in Swedish caves.
The Frisian God Fosite possessed an axe and it was He who was considered the law giver and judge of the Frisian tribes. His temple is called Axenshowe. It is possible that this Fosite is the same deity referred to in the Norse Eddas as Forseti, the son of Baldr and Nanna, whose residence was Glitnir. He is represented in the Eddas as a God who settles disputes.
Alcuin in the 8th century CE refers to an island called Fositesland, situated between Frisia and Denmark and named in honour of the God who was worshipped there.
Minuture axes symbolscontinued to be worn late into the Iron Age and again into the Viking Age.
Rudolf Simek [Dictionary of Northern Mythology] suggests that since there is no apparent literary evidence for the cult of axes that there is a connection with Mjolnir, the hammer of Thor/Thunor/Thunar/Donar. Both cult symbols, the axe and the hammer are also fertility symbols as well as having a martial aspect.
He states "The great age of the Germanic axe-cult, the relationship with the Cretan axe-cult and the parallels to the lightning weapons of the non-Germanic gods, such as Indra`s and Hercules` clubs or Sucellos the Gaul`s hammer all suggest an Indo-Germanic origin of the various forms of the axe."
He also refers to a connection with the Old Slavic Perkunos/Perun, closely related to the Baltic Perkunas and Perkons. Thor/Thunor/Thunar/Donar is also related to the Celtic Thunder Gods Taranis and Sucellos, both of whom carry a hammer.
Even the Finnish Thunder God Ukko carries an axe-hammer.
The distinguished scholar Hilda Ellis Davidson also refers to Thor`s weapon as an `axe-hammer` in her works.
Since composing this article I have stumbled across this interesting article taken from Cosmos Magazine:

Hand axe

The limestone axe is the oldest ever found in Europe.

Credit: Michael Walker

Related articles

Oldest known advanced stone tools found
Africa beat Europe to complex tool-making
Humans stepped out of Africa earlier
Fossils may age Europeans 200,000 years
World's oldest axe found in Australia

PARIS: Early humans used two-sided stone axes in Europe up to 900,000 years ago, far earlier than previously thought, according to a new study.

The transition from primitive chopper-like tools to more finely crafted double-faced axes marked a milestone in the history of technology, and gave those whose wielded them an edge in the struggle to survive.

The revised dating of tools discovered in the 1970s at two sites in Spain largely erases a time gap that had long perplexed scientists.

Mind the gap

Before the new study, the earliest double axes found in Europe were thought to date from only 500,000 years ago - fully a million years after they had come into use in Africa.

It seemed unlikely that populations on the European continent, originating from Africa, could have lagged so far behind on such a key development.

Gary Scott and Luis Gibert of the Berkeley Geochronology Centre in Berkeley, California applied a technique called magnetostratigraphy to determine that the hatchets were in fact crafted between 760,000 and 900,000 years ago. Magnetostratigraphy is based on the periodic reversal of Earth's magnetic field.

Tiny compasses

Acting like tiny compasses, fine-grained magnetic minerals in the tools contain a record of the polarity at the time they were used. Once buried in sediment, the polarity is preserved.

"The age (of the axes) must be Early Pleistocene, the most recent period dominated by reverse polarity, 1.78 to 0.78 million years ago," the researchers concluded. They published their findings in the British journal Nature.

The new dating suggests that early man was present in southwestern Europe for much of this period, and that the barrier between Africa and Europe was more permeable than once thought, they said. The two archaeological sites, both in southern Spain, are La Solana del Zamborino, and Estrecho del Quipar.

Mother Earth`s Revenge-It is Coming Soon-Very Soon

2011-09-29T22:06:00.004+01:00

Mankind has become a pestilence, a cancer upon the face of the earth and like any malignant tumour it must be surgically removed to save the host, in this case Mother Earth and the life systems which she supports.
We have reached a critical point of no return. The earth is now groaning under the burden of 7 billion, yes 7 billion human beings who are leaching off her and her precious life systems. Mankind is unwilling or incapable[for political reasons] in restraining and reversing this burden. Indeed under the guise of christian `morality` and `compassion`[both of which are misplaced]the wealthier countries of the world take great pride in demonstrating their `empathy`, `sympathy`, `morality` and `compassion` by endless appeals for donations to support the `starving millions` of the `third world`. Lives which should never have been conceived.
I say let such life perish! Only when millions starve will Africa and Asia learn the lesson that a population should not exceed the limits set for it by Nature or that population`s ability to sustain itself.By feeding the millions of Africa and Asia we are feeding our competitors for future valuable life-sustaining resources.
Today we are experiencing a war for oil to keep the wheels of global capitalism turning in order that the invisible elite which governs this human cess pool can maintain its privileged position.
The unfit are to be found even amongst our own peoples due to the misguided concept of allowing the least gifted of our people to reproduce themselves.
In the future the war will no longer be over just oil but land, Lebensraum, food and water as such essential resources become scarcer and scarcer. The nightmare scenario is almost upon us.
However there is light at the end of this Stygian dark tunnel[to mix my metaphors]. Mother Earth is rebelling: She is exerting Herself once more. What man is unwilling or incapable of doing She will accomplish and perfect: the near annihilation of the pestilence known as mankind.
We are witnessing an acceleration and intensification of natural disasters: earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, famines and epdemics.All of this intesifying as we approach that mystical year 2012. The Germanic Eddas calls this time Ragnarok where most life upon the earth and indeed within the heavens will be destroyed-or almost.
Six Gods will survive this calamity: Vidar, Vali, Magni, Modi, Hoenir, Njord and two will return from Hel: Baldr and Hodr. Interstingly 6 of these are sets of brothers. The exceptions being Hoenir and Njord.
When we reflect upon Germanic and Aryan mythology and metahistory it is startling but true that our civilisations tend to be founded by twins, mythical or legendary in nature. Rome was founder by Romulus and Remus and England was reestablished by Hengest and Horsa.
Some of the early English tribes in their continental home worshipped the Alcis which Tacitus compares to the Roman Castor and Pollux. Njord mated with his twin sister Nerthus and produced the divine brother and sister Frey and Freyja who also are presented in Germanic mythology as brother-sister spouses. This theme recurs in the Volsunga Saga between Sigmund and his sister Signy.
There is an assumption that Magni and Modi were twins although we do not know this for certain. All we know is that Magni is the son of Thor and the giantess Jarnsaxa. We are not told the identity of Modi`s mother. Significantly they will inherit Thor`s axe-hammer after Ragnarok which is the only surviving symbol of the divine authority and sovereignity of the Gods. The return of the Light God Baldr and his brother the blind God Hodr is an indication that balance and thus harmony has been restored in the new Golden Age on earth. The two sides of Mjolnir represent light and darkness in balance as does the rune Dagaz.
The two surviving humans are named Lif and Lifthrasir. It is tempting to see an etymological connection in the common element `Lif` in their names, perhaps signifying a brother-sister mating which will by implication produce a new and racially pure semi-divine race upon the earth which unlike its predessors will walk in harmony with the divine powers and nature and will not strive after gold and trinkets.

Wotans Krieger Recommends: "Celts & Teutons"

2011-09-01T10:46:00.004+01:00

Last night I watched a newly purchased DVD titled Celts & Teutons. Megaliths. Menhirs. Stone Circles. Rituals. Druid Cults. Graves of the Kings. The alternative title on the disc says Auf den Spuren der Giganten. On the Trail of the Giants.
It has been released by Discovery Movies and is approximately 60 minutes long. It is well produced with film footage of scores of images of menhirs, dolmens and stone circles. The accompanying English narrative is informative and the Wagner/Greig soundtrack rousing. For me watching this film was a spiritual experience. It is clear that the creator of this work has a deep love for Europe`s antiquities and the Nordic race who produced them.
This documentary will appeal to anyone with a love for Germanic or Celtic culture, history and northern European antiquities. My only criticism is that the DVD extras, the Discovery Gallery, Daeniken Gallery and the chapter menu did not function. This may be because it is a German made disc and the menu does not function on DVD players set up for the English market.
The DVD is not generally available until October but can be purchased now via Amazon UK.

Aryan Naturism

2011-08-30T14:58:00.003+01:00

I believe that as racialists we need to give some consideration to how we can both relate better to the natural world[of which we are a part of] and how we can contribute to improving our own and our race`s racial health and fitness.
One important aspect of getting closer to nature is through naturism or nudism.
Nudism has a politically sound pedigree having originated in the
of turn of the 19th/20th century Germany.
Although initially suspicious of the nudism movement in Germany the new National Socialist government in Germany appreciated that nudism had the same goals as National Socialism, namely the physical improvement of the individual German and the Volk as a whole.
Nudism was considered a great leveller. Clothes are an artificial barrier to interhuman relationships. They help to mask a person`s true worth. Like inherited titles,privileges and money they are an artificial barrier between Aryan and Aryan. By the discarding of clothes we can focus on the inherent worth, not the apparent worth of the individual.
National Socialism is a great leveller of artificial class differences, its sole focus is racial improvement and nudism started out this way in 1890s Germany.
We use clothes not merely as a means of maintaining bodily warmth but as a social status symbol, a badge of artificial rank and as a display of real or apparent wealth. By discarding clothes we can discard such artificial barriers with our fellow Aryans and so work towards the Aryan unity which as racialists we supposedly desire.
By exposing our naked bodies to the elements,to the air,light and sun we will as individuals harden,strengthen and beautify our bodies and by doing so we improve the health,strength and beauty of the race.
Nudism can also be used as a means to assess the racial and physical compatability and sufficiency of potential mates so that we ensure that only the best elements of our race mate with the best elements. This is a factor which is often unappreciated by racialists and nudists alike.
According to Chad Ross in his "Naked Germany" nudism helped to unite Germans from different ends of the political spectrum behind a common cause and goal-racial improvement.
"Nudism`s professed ability to overcome division of all kinds under the banner of regenerating the German Volk and nation was evident within the movement itself. Nudists came from a variety of backgrounds and held convictions that ranged across the political spectrum; yet unlike those in the political arena nudists did not allow these differences to dominate or to derail their collective effort of transforming Germany into a nudist utopia."[Page 64 of `Naked Germany` by Chad Ross.]

Ancient Aryan City of Arkaim and its High Civilisation

2011-08-29T15:57:00.003+01:00

Taken from s8int.com

Scientists have discovered mysterious circles on the area of the ancient Russian town of Arkaim, which is the same age with Egypt and Babylon

President Putin has recently visited one of the most mysterious places on planet Earth - the ruins of the ancient town of Arkaim, which is situated on the outskirts of the city of Chelyabinsk.

Historians, archaeologists and ufologists have spent many years trying to unravel the secrets of the town. Which nation was living in Arkaim more than 40 centuries ago?

How did people of such ancient civilization manage to accomplish such incredible technological progress, which still seems to be unachievable today?

A group of Russian researchers, with Vadim Chernobrovy at the head, has recently returned from the mysterious region.

The scientists said that specialists and students had built numerous tent camps around Arkaim.

The Arkaim valley in the south of Ural was supposed to be flooded in 1987: local authorities were going to create a water reservoir there to irrigate drought stricken fields.

However, scientists found strange "circles" in the center of the valley and in order to investigate them, the authorities gave archaeologists 12 months to explore the area.

Scientists were shocked to find out that Arkaim was the same age as Egypt and Babylon, and a little older than Troy and Rome.

Gennady Zdanovich, the chairman of the archaeological expedition in Ural had to prove the scientific significance of Arkaim to regional officials. "We achieved what seemed to be absolutely unreal: the multi-million construction project in the region was shut down," the scientist said.

Archaeological excavations indicated that the people, who inhabited Arkaim, represented one of the most ancient Indo-European civilizations, particularly the branch, which is referred to as the Aryan culture. Arkaim turned out to be not only a town, but also a temple and an astronomic observatory.

"A flight above Arkaim on board a helicopter gives you an incredible impression. The huge concentric circles on the valley are clearly visible. The town and its outskirts are all enclosed in the circles.

We still do not know, what point the gigantic circles have, whether they were made for defensive, scientific, educational, or ritual purposes.

Some researchers say that the circles were actually used as the runway for an ancient spaceport," Vadim Chernobrovy said.

Researchers discovered that the ancient town was equipped with a storm sewage system, which helped Arkaim's residents avoid floods. The people were protected against fires as well: timbered floorings and houses themselves were imbued with fireproof substance. It was a rather strong compound, the remnants of which can still be found in the ruins of the town.

Each house was outfitted with "all modern conveniences," as they would say nowadays. There was a well, an oven and dome-like food storage in every house. The well was branching out into two underground trenches: one of them was directed to the oven and the other one ended in the food storage.

The trenches were used to supply chilly air to the oven and to the food storage. The cool air from the trenches also created a very powerful traction force in the Aryan oven, which made it possible to smelt bronze there.

The central square in Arkaim was the only object of square shape in the town. Judging upon traces of bonfires that were placed in a specific order on the square, the site was used as a site for certain rituals.

Arkaim was built according to a previously projected plan as a single complicated complex, which also had an acute orientation to astronomic objects.

While archaeologists are meticulously brushing dust off ancient stones in an attempt to recreate the lifestyle of Arkaim's residents, ufologists study mysterious phenomena, which they register in the town: inexplicable fluctuations of voltage, magnetic field tension, temperatures and so on.

Source: Pravda: by Natalia Leskova,(Translated by: Dmitry Sudakov)

Tajikistan, Aryan Revival and Rehabilitation of the Holy Swastika

2011-08-29T15:21:00.003+01:00

A little late in coming but highly relevant when considered in relation to the two previous articles!
Taken from Radio Free Europe, originally posted on there on 23/12/05.

A Tajik emblem that is based on the swastika (RFE/RL)
Like other post-Soviet countries, Tajikistan has taken a fresh look its history following independence in 1991. The result is a state campaign to promote the notion that the Tajiks as a Aryan nation – and the widespread use of the swastika.

Prague, 16 December 2005 (RFE/RL) -- The swastika may be known the world over as the symbol of Nazi Germany and it may be banned in some states for that reason, but in Tajikistan it appears on placards, banners, and billboards with the blessing of the state.

For officials in Dushanbe, the swastika is above all a symbol of national identity. Most Tajik historians now maintain that Tajiks are of Aryan origin, and argue that Aryan or Indo-European civilization must therefore be studied and promoted. It is an argument now accepted by the state. Indeed, the revival of Aryan culture is now official policy of Dushanbe: 2006 will be celebrated in Tajikistan as the year of Aryan civilization.

Changing Interpretations

The authorities say the swastika’s now widespread adoption in Tajikistan has nothing to do with Nazism and fascism. “Throughout history, interpretations of this symbol have changed,” notes Abduhakim Sharipov, head of a department in the Soghd regional administration. He, like other officials, emphasizes the swastika is a symbol of Aryan culture that has existed for many centuries. “We all know that fascism used this symbol for its purposes. This symbol therefore carries negative connotations for many…[but] we should not limit ourselves to only one interpretation.”

When the swastika first appeared, in India, it was as a sign of eternity and eternal motion. The newer, positive connotations that the Tajik authorities want the swastika to gain were outlined two years ago by President Imomali Rakhmonov when he declared 2006 the year of Aryan culture: the aim of the year is, he said, to “study and popularize Aryan contributions to the history of the world civilization; to raise a new generation [of Tajiks] with the spirit of national self-determination; and to develop deeper ties with other ethnicities and cultures.”

Linguistically, the Tajiks are closely tied to the Persians, who since ancient times have used the term Aryan to describe themselves and their language.

The Tajik historian and ethnographer Usto Jahonov supports both the state’s desire to raise awareness of Tajikistan’s Aryan heritage and the use of the swastika. Using an argument employed by Tajik officials in numerous speeches, Jahonov contends that it is an inherent part of Aryan culture and a key to building national identity. A stronger national identity is itself “needed now because we live among [non-Aryan,] Turkic nations” that are, he says, rewriting “their history by claiming that they emerged in this area [Central Asia]. We should therefore go back to Aryan history, demonstrate and prove to others where our place is. Each nation should know its place.”

An Ancient Symbol In The Shadow Of A Modern Taboo

But it is hard to rid the swastika of its negative associations. For many people in the West, the swastika is a taboo, synonymous as it is with Nazism, fascism, and white supremacy in general. Post-war Germany outlawed the swastika and other Nazi symbols for all but scholarly purposes.

Continued sensitivities were highlighted earlier this year when Britain’s Prince Harry was criticized for wearing a Nazi swastika armband and a Nazi uniform to a fancy-dress party. The incident led to calls from German politicians for a ban on all Nazi symbols across the European Union, which was then followed by a debate in the European Commission in Brussels.

For similar reasons, the new prominence of the swastika is touching on sensitivities in Tajikistan, recently prompting a group of Tajik World War II veterans to write a letter to Rakhmonov asking him to end the use of the swastika.

The Tajik president has so far not responded.

“I am a veteran of World War II,” says one Tajik former member of the Soviet army. “We veterans demand that this fascist cross, the swastika, be removed from placards. We fought against the Nazis, who had the swastika. Why should we propagate it now?”

The use of the swastika by skinheads has made the symbol even more controversial in recent years.

Due to high levels of unemployment and poverty, many Tajiks have had to work as illegal migrant laborers abroad, overwhelmingly in Russia. Many have been subjected to harassment and intimidation. Several have been killed by racist groups in recent years.

The most prominent case was the murder, in February 2004, of a 9-year-old Tajik girl in St. Petersburg by a group of teenagers armed with chains, metal rods and knives. Khursheda Sultanova’s father and her 11-year-old cousin were also savagely beaten.

Divided Opinions

This and other cases have provoked public outrage in Tajik society.

For one woman interviewed, both objections to the swastika originate close to home. “My grandfather died in a battle against Nazi Germany,” she told RFE/RL, and “last year, my neighbor’s son was killed by a group of skinheads in Russia.”

“I am amazed to see [the swastika]. Why does our government recover and propagate the [hooked] cross now?”

This Tajik woman says she welcomes a rediscovery of the Tajik nation’s history. But, she argues, historians should not forget the nation’s recent past just to revive its ancient heritage.

(RFE/RL’s Uzbek Service correspondent in Tajikistan, Alisher Akh

Tracking the Aryans

2011-08-27T11:37:00.003+01:00

Unfortunately I missed this!

Taken from BBC Radio 3 website.

Historian Bettany Hughes uncovers the troubled story of the search for the ancient Aryans, and journeys to Siberia to find out how recent archaeological discoveries are bringing them renewed attention.

Nowadays associated with the Nazi ideology of a blond blue-eyed master race, the term Aryan was once used to refer to the speakers of a prehistoric language from which the modern Indo-European Language family is descended (including, among others, English, German, Latin, Greek, Farsi and Hindi). But the name's origins lie in the ancient texts of Bronze Age Iran and North India.

Archaeologists on the remote borders of Siberia and Kazakhstan have recently uncovered a series of unexpectedly sophisticated prehistoric settlements. Within, they have discovered unusually complex burial rituals and the earliest known chariots in the world. Could this Steppe culture be the origin of the Aryans of Iran and North India? And what can it tell us about the origin of Indo-European languages?

Bettany travels to the Siberian Steppe to the ancient circular fortified town of Arkaim to find out. And witnesses how even today the Aryans are being used for modern political ends.

Presenter: Bettany Hughes
Producer: Russell Finch
Translator: Maria B. Starikova
Contributors: Gennady Sdanovitch, David Anthony, James Mallory, Bruce Lincoln

With special thanks to Victor Shnirelman at Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology in Moscow
Additional thanks to Klaus Petermann, Thomas Trautmann, Christopher Hutton and Colin Renfrew.

Unearthed Aryan Cities on Russia`s Border Rewrites History

2011-08-27T11:22:00.003+01:00

Taken from Daily Mail online from 8/10/10.[Special thanks to Orion for drawing my attention to this!]

Bronze age cities built by the Aryans that date back to the beginning of Western civilisation in Europe have been discovered in a remote part of Russia.

Archaeologists have identified 20 of the spiral-shaped settlements that were built some 4,000 years ago shortly after the Great Pyramid in Egypt.

It is believed that the buildings were used by the original Aryan race whose swastika symbol was later adopted by the Nazis in the 1930s.
Desolate: The Bronze Age cities were built some 4,000 years ago by the Aryans in a 400 miles long region of the Russian Steppe

TV historian Bettany Hughes explored the desolate part of the Russian steppe which borders Kazakhstan this summer for a BBC Radio 3 programme Tracking The Aryans.

She said: 'Potentially, this could rival ancient Greece in the age of the heroes.

'Because I have written a lot about the Bronze Age world, there always seemed to be this huge missing peice of the jigsaw puzzle.

'We are all told that there is this kind of mother tongue, proto-Indo-European, from which all the languages we know emerge.

'I was very excited to hear on the archeological grapevine that in exactly the period I am an expert in, this whole new Bronze Age civilisation had been discovered on the steppe of southern Siberia.'

Explorer: TV historian Bettany Hughes was stunned when she saw the bronze age cities on the ground

The remains of the ancient city were explored for the first time around 20 years ago shortly after Soviet officials relaxed strict laws banning non-military aerial photography.

But because of the region is so remote the incredible cities have remained virtually unknown to the rest of Europe until now.

They are about the same size as several of the city states of ancient Greece and would have housed between 1,000 and 2,00 people.

Hughes was driven to the vast region by the expedition's chief archaeologist Professor Gennady Zdanovich who pointed to the cities that were buried in the ground beneath them.

The Aryan's language has been identified as the precursor to a number of modern European tongues. English uses many similar words such as brother, oxen and guest which have all been tracked to the Aryans.

Items that have so far been dug up at the sites include make-up equipment, a chariot and numerous pieces of pottery.

The artifacts were daubed in swastikas which were used in ancient times as symbols of the sun and eternal life.

But the swastika and Aryan race were adopted by Hitler and the Nazis as symbols of their so-called master race.

Evidence of ritual horse burials were found at the site which ties in with ancient Aryan texts that describe the animals being sliced up and buried with their masters.

Hughes, a visiting research fellow at King's College London, added: 'Professor Zdanovich took me to this expanse of grass; you couldn't tell there was anything special. Then, as he pointed to the ground, suddenly I realised I was walking across a buried city.

'Every now and again you suddenly notice these ghostly shapes of fortresses and cattle sheds and homes and religious sites. I would not have known these had he not shown them to me.

'These ancient Indian texts and hymns describe sacrifices of horses and burials and the way the meat is cut off and the way the horse is buried with its master.

'If you match this with the way the skeletons and the graves are being dug up in Russia, they are a millimetre-perfect match.'

New DNA Study and European Origins

2011-08-25T11:14:00.003+01:00

Taken from BBC News website dated 24/8/11

A new study deals a blow to the idea that most European men are descended from farmers who migrated from the Near East 5,000-10,000 years ago.

The findings challenge previous research showing that the genetic signature of the farmers displaced that of Europe's indigenous hunters.

The latest research leans towards the idea that most of Europe's males trace a line of descent to stone-age hunters.

But the authors say more work is needed to answer this question.

The study, by an international team, is published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
Continue reading the main story
“Start Quote

I would say that we are putting the ball back in the middle of the field”

Dr Cristian Capelli University of Oxford

Archaeological finds show that modern humans first settled in Europe from about 40,000 years ago - during a time known as the Palaeolithic.

These people survived an Ice Age some 20,000 years ago by retreating to relatively warm refuges in the south of the continent, before expanding into northern Europe again when the ice melted.

But just a few thousand years after Europe had been resettled by these hunter-gatherers, the continent underwent momentous cultural change. Farmers spread westwards from the area that is now Turkey, bringing with them a new economy and way of life.

The extent to which modern Europeans are descended from these early farmers versus the indigenous hunter-gatherers who settled the continent thousands of years previously is a matter of heated debate.

The results vary depending on the genetic markers studied and are subject to differing interpretations.
Family tree

The latest study focused on the Y chromosome - a package of DNA which is passed down more or less unchanged from father to son.

The Y chromosomes carried by people today can be classified into different types, or lineages, which - to some extent - reflect their geographical origins.

More than 100 million European men carry a type called R-M269, so identifying when this genetic group spread out is vital to understanding the peopling of Europe.

R-M269 is most common in western Europe, reaching frequencies of 90% or more in Spain, Ireland and Wales.
Neolithic pottery The Neolithic was a time of momentous cultural change in Europe

But while this type reaches its highest distribution on the Atlantic fringe, Patricia Balaresque and colleagues at the University of Leicester published a paper in 2010 showing that the genetic diversity of R-M269 increases as one moves east - reaching a peak in Anatolia (modern Turkey).

Genetic diversity is used as a measure of age; lineages that have been around for a long time accumulate more diversity. So this principle can be used to estimate the age of a population.

When the Leicester team estimated how old R-M269 was in different populations across Europe, they found the age ranges were more compatible with an expansion in Neolithic times (between 5,000 and 10,000 years ago).

The team's conclusions received support from papers published in August 2010 and in June this year. But one study which appeared last year backed the idea of a more ancient, Palaeolithic origin for R-M269.
Age estimates

Now, a team including Cristian Capelli and George Busby at Oxford University have explored the question.

Their results, based on a sample of more than 4,500 men from Europe and western Asia, showed no geographical trends in the diversity of R-M269. Such trends would be expected if the lineage had expanded from Anatolia with Neolithic farmers.

Furthermore, they suggest that some of the markers on the Y chromosome are less reliable than others for estimating the ages of genetic lineages. On these grounds, they argue that current analytical tools are unsuitable for dating the expansion of R-M269.
Neolithic skeletons, the Valdaro lovers from Italy Studies of DNA from ancient remains could shed more light on European origins

Indeed, Dr Capelli and his team say the problem extends to other studies of Y-chromosome lineages: dates based on the analysis of conventional DNA markers may have been "systematically underestimated", they write in Proceedings B.

But Dr Capelli stressed that his study could not answer the question of when the ubiquitous R-M269 expanded in Europe, although his lab is carrying out more work on the subject.

"At the moment it's not possible to claim anything about the age of this lineage," he told BBC News, "I would say that we are putting the ball back in the middle of the field."

Co-author Dr Jim Wilson from the University of Edinburgh explained: "Estimating a date at which an ancestral lineage originated is an interesting application of genetics, but unfortunately it is beset with difficulties."

The increasing frequency of R-M269 towards western Europe had long been seen by some researchers as an indication that Palaeolithic European genes survived in this region - alongside other clues.

A more recent origin for R-M269 than the Neolithic is still possible. But researchers point out that after the advent of agriculture, populations in Europe exploded, meaning that it would have been more difficult for incoming migrants to displace local people.

WOTANS KRIEGER NOTE: R-M269 equates to haplgroup RIb

The Racial Purity of our Ancestors and Why it Matters

2011-08-24T10:05:00.005+01:00

Over recent years we have heard disparaging remarks from the mouths of Britain`s politicians about the alleged lack of racial purity of the English nation and these insulting remarks are usually made by politicians of the Labour Party but third rate `comedians` such as Transvestite Eddie Izzard in particular take great joy in misrepresenting the facts or telling plan lies in order to further their multiculti agenda. By hiding the truth of the Germanic origins of the English people and misrepresenting our folk as a mongrel people they hope to persuade the masses, indeed the indigenous masses that mass alien immigration of the most diverse kind is not only natural and in keeping with our history but will `enrich` us all.
Readers are referred to his third rate 2003 TV series Invasion, Immigration and Innovation.
Well we have had plenty of `enrichment` in the recent race riots in London and other English cities where hordes of negroes and other non-English people have committed murder, arson, looting and the destruction of their own communities.
By being so eager to twist the truth and to libel our folk`s origins he is in effect committing race treason and will one day have to give an account of his treason to a people`s court along with all the other liberal race-traitors that are gnawing away at the roots of our biological identity like Nidhogg at the roots of Yggdrasill.
I suggest Mr Izzard takes the time to read Tacitus` Germania and in particular section 4.1 "For myself, I agree with the views of those who think that the inhabitants of Germania have not been tainted by any intermarriage with other tribes, but have existed as a distinct and pure people, resembling only themselves. Consequently, they also all have the same physical appearance, so far as can be said for so numerous a people: fierce blue eyes, tawny hair, bodies that are big but strong only in attack."
The adjective that Tacitus uses for `tawny` is the Latin rutilus which is cognate with the English `red`, `reddish` or `ruddy`. Other Roman writers have used the terms flavus, meaning `yellow`, `flaxen`, `gold-coloured` and `blonde` and rufus meaning `red` or `ruddy`. Clearly our ancestors had red, blonde, fair[light brown] or red-blonde hair. There will have been some exceptions to this rule but exceptions is all that they are. Increasing colour variation is an outward sign of an element of miscegenation that has occurred gradually since the enforced christianisation of the Germanic peoples and the replacement of their ancestral Gods with the desert slave-god of the south.
Now doubtless there would have been some intermixture with related peoples on our borders such as northern Slavs, Celts and Balts but these are largely Nordic peoples and of the same root stock.
I refer the reader to Caesar`s De Bello Gallico in which he describes the Germans[in th words of the Gauls] as "tall and strong" as well as "brave and skilful with weapons".[Section 39].
It is interesting that in the various pantheons of the Indo-European peoples our Gods and Godesses are described as being of Nordic appearance. Clearly this was the original racial type of the Aryan peoples and we must seek not only to preserve this racial type but to extend it via selective breeding and in the future genetic engineering.

The Rise of the Saxons and the Legend of Hengest and Horsa-a Review

2011-08-14T09:42:00.004+01:00

At last a novel which deals with the transfer of the English or Englisc nation from Germania to Britannia.
Ryan West expertly weaves the historical facts in to his historical novel and at the same time makes certain key points that are relevant to the ethnic English people today concerning their survival as a distinct cultual and ethnic folk and the loss of their land and power to immigrant peoples.
This book is certainly not for the squeamish with its graphically portrayed battle scenes and neither would it make comfortable reading for the `liberal` minded politically correct.
West`s interpretation of early English history is refreshing and in his own words "We are taught in England that we are British and therefore have viewed our history from a British perspective and so naturally we have viewed the Anglo-Saxons as foreign invaders. But if we say `NO!` to the people that wish to oppress English identity and do the most un-politically correct thing and think of our history from an English perspective then the Anglo-Saxons weren`t foreign at all, they were us. And we should honour their achievements and tell their stories, because if we don`t, then who will?"
Too few historical novels are based on this part of our history and not told from the Germanic perspective but from the Celtic or Romano-British one. Let us hope that this book will act as a spark for other creative authors to produce works that glorify our Germanic English ancestors and help to give English people, the young especially a sense of who they are. Once this is realised then our people will begin to awaken and then woe betide the politicians, the capitalists, `academics` and capitalists who have betrayed their blood and land!

The Gordion Knot

2011-08-07T08:50:00.000+01:00

Some years ago in the early 2000s I had a most significant and memorable dream which had a clear spiritual meaning.
The key figure within the dream was a young boy dressed in a red robe which was tied by a red cord around the waist. I attempted to undo the knot in the cord but no matter how I tried I did not succeed and then I recall saying to myself "this is a Gordion Knot." With this I awoke.
At that time I was not familiar with the story of the Gordion Knot and how Alexander the Great managed to sever it with his sword. In 333BCE Alexander the Great reached Gordium in Phrygia and severed the Gordion Knot with his sword after finding that he could not untie it. An oracle in Phrygia predicted that the man who could untie the famous Gordion Knot would become king of Phrygia[they were without a king at this time]. That night there was a tremendous thunderstorm and this was interpreted as a good omen for Alexander in that Zeus was pleased and would grant him further victories.
His biographers also claimed that the untying of the knot would grant the person who managed this control over all of Asia.
So when one says today that a certain problem is a `Gordion Knot` they are impying that it is a problem that appears to have no solution.
The symbol of the knot represents spiritual continuity and connection and suggests a need for a pause for one to assess a situation or one`s life and the need for contemplation. Psychologically it can indicate that the dreamer is a bound to a situation by a sense of duty and/or guilt and the only way to free oneself is by the untying of the knot or the things that bind us.
The boy symbolises the potential for growth and development and the willingness to face difficulties. The robe symbolises something that has remained uncovered but the desire to take off the robe by loosening and untying the knot is indicative of a need to shed old beliefs and/or inhibitions.
The robe and the cord were red and red stands for energy, vitality and vigour.
The cord itself stands for those things that tie or bound us to situations or people.
Significantly I was not aware at the time of the legend of the Gordion Knot and the connection with Alexander the Great. Was it possible that within the dream state I had accessed the Collective Unconscious of the Aryan peoples?
Certainly after this time I began to expand my interests and studies from the narrow confines of Germanic mythology and history to that of other Aryan peoples and the Proto-Indo-Europeans, taking a keen interest in the science of Comparative Mythology and the life of Alexander the Great.
This dream certainly marked a spiritual transition for me and certain personal problems were subsequently resolved.

Runa

2011-08-07T08:43:00.003+01:00

Many years ago when I was a young man, approximately 20 years of age I had a hypnopompic dream or at least I thought that it was a dream. I may very well have been in a light trance at the time. Back then and even now it is difficult for me to distinguish which it may have been.
I heard an audible voice say to me as I was lying on my bed, "Behold I show you a mystery" which corresponds with a verse from the New Testament[I Corinthians 15:51];

"Behold I shew you a mystery; We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality. So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory."

Back then I had already started out on my spiritual path, my quest for wisdom, knowledge and truth and living in a nominally Christian country it was natural that I should seek such wisdom in the Christian tradition and so I had began an exhaustive biblical study to seek answers and indeed to seek the right questions to answer!
However I was not consciously familiar with this verse although I may very well have encountered it in my readings and thus it may have sunk down into my Subconscious mind. However this may have happened its revelation to me marked a moment of transition or initiation into the mysteries or RUNA as we would call it in the Rune Gild.

It is significant that only the very first part of the verse from I Corinthians was revealed to me which had no obvious Christian content whatsoever. Only now after 30 years do I understand the message of this `dream` if that is what it is.
"Behold I show you a mystery" corresponds very well to the motto of the Rune Gild: "Reyn til Runa!"[Search out the mysteries].
It is through the dream state that our ancestors were able to communicate with the Gods, Goddesses, ancestors and other advanced spiritual entities. They are still communicating with us this way today.

Eriu, Goddess of the Aryans

2011-08-07T08:37:00.001+01:00

The Gods and Goddesses can communicate with us from the Collective Unconscious via dreams and other states of altered consciousness such as hypnotic trances.
Recently I encountered a Goddess during the hypnopompic state of sleep prior to awaking. I often find that dreams experienced shortly before waking stay imprinted on my memory especially if they have a mystical content as this one clearly did.
My dream seemed short and the entire focus of my attention was on the appearance of a nordic looking female being who spoke these words to me: "I am Eriu,Goddess of the Aryans."
This is all She said but it made a deep impression upon me.
Eriu, daughter of Emer[a God of the Tuatha De Danann] was one of a trinity of Goddesses who along with Banba and Fohla founded the land of Ireland[also known as Eire, Erin and Eireann]. Indeed Eire was named after Eriu Herself. Thus we can conclude that She is a Goddess of sovereignity and inheritence.
In Jungian terms this may be interpreted as the manifestation of the Anima, who may be regarded as the collective manifestation of all the females a man has known, especially one`s mother. This idealised feminine is the direct counterpart to the Animus in women. The Anima is a guide to inner wisdom and is a sign that the dreamer must confront his destructive side. She is the embodiment of the feminine qualities of female power, sensitivity and intuition.
For a person to be psychologically whole the feminine and masculine parts of the psyche must be in balance.
In Germanic mythology the a man`s Anima was known by the term Fylgia who accompanied him throughout his life in Midgard and was a type of ancestral guardian spirit.
I have in part interpreted this dream as a need to explore and integrate the solar mythology with the lunar, the God with the Goddess. Too often in Asatru we focus primarilly on the male deities often to the exclusion of the female deities and this creates a spiritual imbalance. This is something we must address in the Northern Tradition to avoid our religious path becoming imbalanced and to avoid females from being deterred from exploring their native Germanic traditions.
Shortly after the manifestation of Eriu a most exciting Aryosophical work has been published called The Epic of Arya. In Search of the Sacred Light by Abir Taha, the author also of Nietzsche, Prophet of Nazism: The Cult of the Superman-Unveiling the Nazi Secret Doctrine. I fully encourage readers of my blogs to obtain copies of these two exciting works.
It is significant for me that a deity whose name is linked to the term Arya and the blood and soil doctrine should choose to reveal Herself to me.
I believe that as followers of the ancestral Gods we must actively seek to communicate with the Gods and Goddesses and two of the most practical and legal ways of doing so are by inducing trance like states and the incubation of dreams[a subject I shall explore later].

The Rigsthula Revisited

2011-07-31T10:43:00.005+01:00

This article should be read in conjuction with my articles The Rigsthula or Germanic Caste System[16/10/06] and Jarl the Wotan Caste[2/06/07].

Over recent months I have given further reflection to the Rigsthula account in the Poetic or Elder Edda and I have identified an additional interpretation. In addition to this being an account of the introduction of the Germanic or indeed Indo-European caste system or its divine sanction by Rig/Heimdall or Rig/Woden it is also an explanation of the divine interference or involvement in human `evolution`. I use the term `evolution` in a restricted sense as I do not subscribe to the Darwinian concept or theory. Perhaps `development` would be a better term to use.
Rather than viewing the impregnation of the three females-Edda, Amma and Modir as occuring within a short and thus contemporaneous time frame it is possible and indeed likely that there may have been long gaps of time between each visit by Rig to these human or proto-human females. One will observe on reading the account that each subsequent visit and impregnation results in a superior child in comparison to the the previous one[s].
The careful reader will also note that the first mother is called Edda or great grandmother, the second Amma or grandmother and the third and last Modir or mother.
This would imply a genetic link between the three generations rather than the creation of three seperate castes which may or may not be genetically linked. The terminology obviously implies a family relationship between the three children: Thrall, Karl and Jarl and not just a functional or caste relationship but of course both explanations may be equally valid.
The terminology-great grandmother, grandmother and mother should not be interpreted as 3 literal and directly subsequent linear generations. As I have indicated there could and probably was a great deal of time between each generation.
If Rig, being a God was the father of all three children then the astute reader will question why each child is of differing quality to its relatives. The answer to this question is simple. The three females are of differing genetic quality themselves and this would account for the varying quality of the three children.
It is significant that only with the third child, Jarl does Rig develop a paternal relationship.

"Then came Rig walking,
walking out of the thicket, taught him runes;
gave him a name, said he was his son;
then he told him to get ancestral property,
to get ancestral property, a long-established settlement."
[Rigsthula 36]

Rig did not have this relationship with his two other sons. Jarl is certainly favoured by Rig. It is interesting that Rig "taught him runes" as one would normally assume that this was part of the role of the great Rune Lord Himself, Woden.
However Voluspa 1 does refer to the "offspring of Heimdall", whoever this "offspring" may be.

Jarl or `Earl` himself fathers children, the youngest one being Kon or Kin as he is referred to in some translations. Again Rig has a paternal like relationship with his youngest grandson and he appears to be particularly favoured.

"He contended in rune-wisdom with Lord Rig,
he knew more tricks, he knew more;
then he gained and got the right
to be called Rig and to know the runes."
[Rigsthula 45]

From the line of Rig-Jarl-Kon/Kin a noble race of kings was born.
Let us not forget that Rig is cognate with the Irish Ri and itself means `king`. The young Kon[Konr ungr] becomes the King[Konungr] a word which is found in all Germanic languages. So Rig is the kingmaker, the progenitor of Germanic royalty.
Strangely though it is Woden who is usually referred to as being the ancestor of Kings. In some instances such as amongst the Swedes this honour is ascribed to Yngvi-Freyr, the father of the Yngling dynasty.
This is a subject that I hope to revisit as the Germanic Gods feature most strongly as not only the fathers of Germanic royal dynasties but the fathers of the common Germanic folk as well if `common` is an appropriate term to use as I belive that as Teutons we are all sons of the Gods.

The Nordic Appearance of the Aryan Gods

2011-07-23T11:14:00.005+01:00

Over recent years from my studies of the mythologies of various Aryan peoples I have been struck by the similarity in the physical appearance of the Gods of the various pantheons. Hardly without exception they are of Nordic, indeed of extreme Nordic appearance with "snow white" skin, tall in height, light eyed, being mainly blue, grey or green and light haired, predominately blond but also red. There are some exceptions. Poseidon or Neptune, the Greek/Roman sea God has black hair but he is the brother of Zeus/Jupiter and thus of the same divine stock. In the fairytale of Snow White the heroine of the tale has "snow white" skin but raven hair.
A cursory study of Homer`s Illiad and Odyssey confirm that in the vast majority of cases the Gods and Demi-Gods/Heroes are light skinned, light eyed and light haired.
Jos Rogiers in his splendid work The Lost Civilization of Homo Supersapiens also makes this observation and does a thorough job of it. I refer readers to Part II Chapter 6 in which he goes into great detail and quoting many references to Aryan myths and fairytales which consistently describe the physical appearance of the divine beings referred to. We must not forget that fairytales, although collected and recorded in post conversion times do contain a great deal of mythological knowledge although much of it has a Christian veneer. The ancient Gods and Godesses of the Aryan peoples could no longer be openly referred to. Many that could not be canonised by the church were subsequently demonised. Many of the Gods continued to survive as fairies, fays, giants, elves, dwarves or banshees. As befitting beings of the Golden Age of Earth the Gods and Goddesses frequently are clothed in white, silver, golden or purple raiment. Often the Celtic ones also appear in green.
Often they carry weapons or tools of great value, being gold or silver. This is not surprising as in the Golden Age gold and silver were in great abundance on the earth.
Apart from the major deities which are usually 12 or 13 in number there is a host of other minor Gods and Goddesses and those who are of part divine descent, named as heroes in the Greek tradition. Heroes have only one divine parent, most often it is the father rather than the mother.
These heroes or Demi-Gods share the same sort of appearance as the Gods. Nymphs, many giants, valkyries and elves also share this same radiant, beautiful and unearthly appearance. On a personal note I recently had a dream in which a shining blonde Goddess appeared to me and announced: "Iam Eriu, Goddess of the Aryans."
The various Aryan mythologies make it clear that the royal families of the Aryan nations were of divine descent. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles record the Germanic God Woden as being the ancestor of the royal families of the various Anglo-Saxon tribes.
Not only were the kings and princes able to claim a divine lineage but many of the common people of the Aryan nations. For instance Tacitus` Germania states in section 2.2: "In ancient lays, their only type of historical tradition, they celebrate Tuisto, a god brought forth from the earth. They attribute to him a son, Mannus, the source and founder of their people, and to Mannus three sons, from whose names those nearest the Ocean are called Ingvaeones, those in the middle Herminones, and the rest Istvaeones." Mannus appears to be the same deity referred to in Indo-Iranian mythology as Manu. With some justification the Germanic peoples could and indeed should think of themselves as a divine people, sons and daughters of the Gods. Indeed is it not amongst northern Europeans that the Nordic strain is still strongest? Indeed it is our genetic link to the Golden Age Gods who once walked the earth and were overlords of the human races and the parents of some. They will walk the earth again when this present Dark Age of chaos, this Wolf Age, this Iron Age, this Kali Yuga is brought to a violent climax with Ragnarok[Korangar for those with understanding].

Germany Reaches New Level of Shame-Rudolf Hess`s Grave Destroyed By Church Authorities

2011-07-22T08:08:00.002+01:00

Taken from BBC News website:

The grave holding the remains of Adolf Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess has been destroyed to stop it being used as a pilgrimage site by neo-Nazis.

Hess's bones were exhumed at the graveyard in the town of Wunsiedel, southern Germany, early on Wednesday.

The remains were later cremated and are to be scattered at sea.

Hess was captured after flying to Britain in 1941 and sentenced to life in prison. He killed himself in a Berlin jail in 1987 at the age of 93.

As he requested in his will, he was buried in the small Bavarian town of Wunsiedel, where his family had a holiday home and where his parents were already interred.

The local Lutheran church which supervises the cemetery gave its permission for the burial at the time, ruling that the wishes of the deceased could not be ignored.

But they and local people have since become concerned by the number of far-right groups visiting the grave.
'Peace'

Each year on the anniversary of his death, neo-Nazis have attempted to stage a march to the cemetery, saluting the grave with its epitaph "I dared", and laying floral wreaths.
Continue reading the main story
Rudolf Hess
Rudolf Hess (undated image)

1894: Born in Alexandria, Egypt
1914-18: Serves during WWI, ending war as lieutenant
1920: Joins Hitler's fledgling Nazi party
1923: Imprisoned with Hitler and becomes his secretary
1933: Becomes Hitler's deputy after his rise to power
1941: Seeks peace with Britain by flying solo to Scotland; detained in Britain
1946: Convicted of crimes against peace at Nuremberg Trials and given life sentence
1947: Transferred to Spandau Prison in Berlin
1987: Found hanged

The enduring myth of Rudolf Hess

A member of the church council, Hans-Juergen Buchta, told the Associated Press news agency: "The whole town was shut down and in turmoil and there was a huge police presence. We here at the graveyard were not always able to cope."

A 2005 court order banning such gatherings had little effect so the church decided to terminate the family's lease on the grave as of October 2011.

A granddaughter of Hess objected to the decision and filed a lawsuit in an attempt to prevent it going ahead, but was eventually persuaded by the parish council to drop the case and allow the exhumation to go ahead.

Roland Schoeffel, the deputy mayor of Wunsiedel, told AFP news agency that the monument had been razed "in an operation not open to the public".

Cemetery administrator Andreas Fabel told AP news agency on Thursday: "The grave is now empty. The bones are gone."

One resident, named as Mrs Koenig, said: "Perhaps we will now have some peace when he is gone. Perhaps they won't come any more, which is what Wunsiedel wants."

Charlotte Knobloch, the head of the Jewish community in Munich and Upper Bavaria, welcomed the move.

"For decades this town and its inhabitants were terrorised by far-right extremists from all over the world," she is quoted as saying by AFP.

Hess was one of Hitler's closest aides. But in 1941 he made a solo flight to Scotland, where his plane crash-landed, in an apparently unauthorised peace mission which was denounced by the fuhrer.

He was imprisoned by the British for the duration of the war.

At the Nuremberg Trials in 1946, Hess was cleared of war crimes and crimes against humanity but convicted of crimes against peace and jailed for life.

He spent 40 years in Spandau Prison in Berlin.

He was the last remaining inmate at the prison when he was found hanged there in August 1987.

Adolf Hitler`s "Jewish DNA" a Hoax

2011-07-03T12:39:00.003+01:00

Taken from Talk to Action website:

Is it the hoax of the year ? Well, time will tell but so far an embarrassing number of mainstream media venues (see list at story end) have fallen for and are rebroadcasting a claim from two Belgians, Jean-Paul Mulders and Marc Vermeeren, that based on a lab analysis of the DNA of 39 of Hitler's living relatives which, say the two men, found that all 39 shared the Y-chromosome Haplogroup E1B1B1, Adolf Hitler may have had African and Jewish ancestors.

Let's start with the 'African ancestry' bit. All members of Homo Sapiens Sapiens can trace their ancestry back to Africa, where the human species originated. Next: Mulders and Vermeeren suggest that, because Jews have more of the E1B1B1 gene, Hitler may have had Jewish ancestors. But Hitler's family was Austrian and it turns out that 9% of Austrians currently carry the E1B1B1 gene. We can safely presume the gene was also common in 19th Century Austria among non-Jewish citizens. For that matter, E1B1B1 is also common in Europe, especially in Southern Europe. So Hitler's close ancestors might have been Northern Italian, Greek or Albanian too.

And the historical case for Hitler's alleged "Jewish ancestry" is vanishingly thin but that hasn't stopped several media outlets carrying this story from tacking on an anti-Jewish conspiracy yarn, discredited over a decade ago, which claims that Hitler's grandmother was impregnated by a Jewish man from Graz.

A few voices have already voiced studied disgust. For example the author of Dienekes' Anthropology blog, which "is dedicated to human population genetics, physical anthropology, archaeology, and history" scathingly comments,

"I'm not going to honor with the link all the stories circulating in a number of newspapers about Hitler being supposedly of "Jewish or African" origin because he belonged to haplogroup E1b1b1.

This comes from a study of men believed to share patrilineal origin with Hitler.

It is difficult to see how much of the hype is due to the original geneticists or to the "journalists" who report on the work.

These "Jewish and African" roots are supposedly due to the fact that Hitler belonged to haplogroup E1b1b1. But, without further information about the subclade in which Hitler belonged to, there is no reason to think that he was of Jewish or African ancestry. He could just as well be of Greek or Albanian patrilineal ancestry. But, I guess that "Hitler's Greek or Albanian roots" doesn't have the same zing that his "Jewish and African roots" does."

Meanwhile, as the UK Telegraph's breathless "Hitler 'had Jewish and African roots', DNA tests show" narrates,

"Saliva samples taken from 39 relatives of the Nazi leader show he may have had biological links to the "subhuman" races that he tried to exterminate during the Holocaust.

Jean-Paul Mulders, a Belgian journalist, and Marc Vermeeren, a historian, tracked down the Fuhrer's relatives, including an Austrian farmer who was his cousin, earlier this year.

A chromosome called Haplogroup E1b1b1 which showed up in their samples is rare in Western Europe and is most commonly found in the Berbers of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, as well as among Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews.

"One can from this postulate that Hitler was related to people whom he despised," Mr Mulders wrote in the Belgian magazine, Knack."

Yes, one can "postulate" that. One could also "postulate" the existence of a vast alien base on the dark side of the Moon.

But let's start here, with Hitler's "African roots" : all humans on Earth have African ancestry. So noting Hitler had "African roots" is about as meaningful as stating that he walked on two feet and lacked a tail: standard human features.

Now, Mulders and Vermeeren may have intended to convey the message that Hitler had relatively recent African genetic ancestry (E1B1B1 is from a Y-chromosome family that originated with a genetic mutation about 20,000 years ago) but then there's the claim that if Hitler possessed the E1B1B1 gene that it would somehow be reasonable or logical to conclude that he "might" have had Jewish ancestry.

Well, about 9% of the population of Austria carries the E1B1B1 gene (source) so Occam's Razor would suggest the simplest explanation - that Hitler got the E1B1B1 Y-chromosome from an ethnically non-Jewish Austrian ancestor: almost a 1/10 chance.

IN fact, the E1B1B1 gene is relatively common in Europe. Here's the incidence in major European countries:
France - 8%,
Germany 4%
Italy 11% (Northern Italy 24%)
Portugal 17%
Switzerland 9%
Spain 6%
Slovakia 11%
Greece 27%
[note: at the tip of Southern Greece E1B1B1 reaches up to 40%, incidence and there's a 40% pocket around Montenegro too.]

Unfortunately, the "Jewish ancestry" meme plays into a discredited (for a quick, pithy writeup see Cecil Adam's The Straight Dope) but widely cited claim that Hitler's alleged Jewish ancestor was a Jew from the city of Graz who impregnated Hitler's grandmother, Maria Schicklgruber.

Variants of the Schicklgruber/Jewish grandfather claim pop up in four stories covering the "Hitler's Jewish and African ancestry" hoax (The UK Telegraph, the Jewish Daily Forward, JTA News and New York Magazine) and that's rather unfortunate given that the story was on the way out by 1976, when Pulitzer Prize winning historian John Toland wrote, on page 4 of his landmark 1976 book Adolf Hitler,

"There is the slight possibility that Hitler's grandfather was a wealthy Jew named Frankenberger or Frankenreither; that Maria Anna [Hitler's grandmother] had been a domestic in the Jewish household at Graz and the young son had gotten her pregnant."

A few decades later, another prominent Hitler biographer and historian, Ian Kershaw, definitively debunked the claim in his 1998 book Hitler 1889-1936 Hubris. On page 8 Kershaw writes,

"There was no Jewish family called Frankenberger in Graz during the 1830s. In fact, there were no Jews at all in the whole of Styria at the time, since Jews were not permitted in that part of Austria until the 1860s. A family named Frankenreiter did live there but was not Jewish. There is no evidence that Anna Maria was ever in Graz, let alone was employed by the butcher Leopold Frankereiter."

There are even sketchier versions of the yarn, I might add, that claim Maria Schicklgruber was impregnated by a scion of the famous Rothschild lineage and the Frankenberger/Rothschild Hitler-lineage class of conspiracy theory does rather nasty work, as Talk To Action contributor Rachel Tabacnick explains in The Jewish Daily Forward and JTA Publish a Discredited Anti-Jewish Conspiracy Theory,

"This is a conspiracy theory that has been rejected by serious historians and should not be repeated as fact in any reputable journal, certainly not Jewish publications. This same conspiracy narrative is currently rampant in right wing America and is used to claim that Hitler was an heir of a demonic bloodline of the same Jewish/Illuminati cabal which is now supposedly leading the nation into the clutches of a fascist and/or communist "New World Order."

[...]

This particular Hitler myth is a key component of the horrific narratives of Jewish culpability for evil in the world that is a part of growing "New World Order" conspiracy ideologies. As in the 1920s and 30s, this narrative of the world being manipulated by a Rothschild/Illuminati cabal has again been merged with end times prophecy and tales of the imminent anti-Christ. By blending the narratives, conspiracy theories like the Protocols of the Elders of Zion can be openly marketed as religious literature by those who are careful to separate the "good Jews" from the demonic lineage of "evil Jews," currently defined as those in the liberal, secular humanist camp. In this way Jews can be made into the villains of history and the source of evil and rebellion against God, even in times when Jews were the victims.

John Hagee, for instance, tapped into this narrative of Hitler's Jewish pedigree in his 2006 book Jerusalem Countdown. He claimed that Esau's descendants "produced the half-breed Jews of history who have persecuted the Jews beyond human comprehension." In other sermons he has described Hitler, as well as the anti-Christ whose rule Hagee claims is imminent, as partially Jewish. As Bruce Wilson has written, the Holocaust can then be rewritten as a result of violent Jewish psychopathology."

Besides the UK Telegraph, here are a few other venues running the DNA Testing/"Hitler's Jewish and African Roots" hoax:

New York Daily News ("Nazi leader Adolf Hitler had Jewish and African relatives, DNA test suggests"

Time ("New Research Shows That Hitler Had Jewish Roots"

Bloomberg (Hitler DNA Tests Show He Likely Had Jewish, African Roots, Daily Mail Says)

Ha'aretz (DNA tests reveal Hitler's Jewish and African roots)
Jewish Telegraphic Agency ("Hitler likely had Jewish, African roots"

Cleveland Leader (DNA Tests Reveal Adolf Hitler Had Jewish & African Relatives

UK Sun ("Hitler's 'Black and Jewish' DNA' ")

Times of India ("Adolf Hitler had Jewish, African ancestors, show DNA tests"

UK Metro ("Hitler had `Jewish and black ancestors' "

New York Magazine (Hitler Fail)

The Man of the Future

2011-06-19T09:55:00.004+01:00

"I have seen the man of the future; he is cruel; I am frightened by him"[Adolf Hitler]

Over the years I encountered many `white nationalists` who saw the current struggle for the survival of the Aryan race as being one of numbers. In other words they see this war as one of outbreeding other races. This is a false way of viewing the problem. Aryan man has always represented a minority of the world`s population and the size of our race has never be greater than it is now. The problem that we face is the loss of our living space, our Lebensraum, our territorial imperative in other words.
It is this which bodes evil for our peoples. Without control of our own soil we leave ourselves open to influence and control by others and the consequent miscegenation that occurs when those of our race who are devoid of any racial consciousness pollute their genetic lines by breeding with alien races.
In a sense one could argue that this is about numbers as if the indigenous or culture bearing race become a minority within their own land they can become dominated by the agenda of other races and thus lose control and influence but simply attempting to outbreed other races will not solve this problem but only add to the overpopulation of our planet.
What we need is a territorial imperative, a land that is exclusively our own, a land whose borders we control and that will permit no aliens to tresspass upon our sacred soil. The whole issue is not about numbers it is about racial purity. A territorial imperative secures that.
A small country, England managed to dominate a large part of the planet just a short time ago so numbers have nothing to do with what we as an Aryan people may achieve if we have the necessary will to power.
Our current situation in the so-called `west` appears to be hopeless with millions of tresspassers `legally` or illegally squatting in our lands with the full complicity of traitorous `democratic` politicians and bloated international capitalists. Capitalism, particularly global capitalism is the driving force behind ever greater mass immigration. As long as the masses have their `cake and circuses` they couldn`t care less. Racial consciousness thanks to zionist `holocaust` propaganda has never been so low amongst the Aryan peoples, whose lands are being invaded and they do nothing to defend themselves. In 100 years time we will go the way of the Red Indians and be living on reservations in our own lands, being fed crumbs by our coffee coloured `masters` and people, even our enemies, will bemoan our fate as they do now about the Red Indian but by then it will be too late to do anything about it.
We should no longer count upon a political solution. Or at least we should no longer look for a solution in the ballott box. The whole system is rigged against us. When progress is made the foreign international tribe who controls the media and all political parties[including the BNP] change the rules and move the goal posts, citing `hate crime` and the dreaded term of approbation, `racist`!
As individuals we need to free ourselves from our own psychological prisons. THEY control us very effectively via the mind conditioning known as political correctness, which is enforced not so much by a police force but by own minds. Not only are people terrified these days to call a spade a spade but they dare not even think the very thought. The `liberal` and `democratic` establishment attempts to control our actions by controlling our thoughts and it controls our thoughts by attempting to control and censor our words in the same way that Big Brother did in George Orwell`s 1948 novel, 1984. I strongly urge anyone who has not already done so to redd this book and by so doing it will help to liberate your mind. THEY depend not on a police force as such but your own mental processes to censor your language, your thoughts and actions. Don`t let them continue to do this! Awake Aryan Man!
However there is hope for the future. After the coming Ragnarok spoken of in the Germanic Eddas a new race will emerge, a survival of the old Aryan race but one which has been cleansed and purified not only of any racial dross and admixture but that of spiritual dross, a race that has been freed from Jewish religion and thought control, one that is no longer contaminated by Christian and humanitarian weakness.
Adolf Hitler had a vision of this man and He knew that His regime was only a forerunner, a prototype of that which shall arise and remain.
We get a glimps of this in The Coming Race by Edward Bulwer Lytton: "Only the more I think of a people calmy developing, in regions excluded from our sight and deemed uninhabitable by our sages, powers surpassing our most disciplined modes of force, and virtues to which our life, social and political, becomes antagonistic in proportion as our civilisation advances,-the more devoutly I pray that ages may yet elapse before there emerge into sunlight our inevitable destroyers".[Chapter XXIX]
Now of course The Coming Race is a novel but it was authored by a spiritual adept in an age of apparent technological and material progress. The author makes it clear in three places in his book that this Coming Race of Vril-ya are descendants of the great Aryan race that went underground and evolved further.
Viktor Rydberg in volume 1 of Teutonic Mythology gives a lot of information from his research about Odainsakr which he describes as a place of the living, not the dead: "Its very name, Acre-of-the-not-dead[Odainsakr], and The-field-of-the-living[Jord lifanda manna], however, makes it clear that it is not intended for the souls of the dead. This Erik Vidforle`s saga is also able to state, inasmuch as it makes a definite distinction between Odainsakr and Paradise. If human or other beings are found within the bulwark of the place, they must have come there as living beings in a physical sense; and when once there, they are protected from perishing, for disease, age, and death are excluded."
Odainsakr like the underground cities of the Vril-ya is subterranean.
In the Eddas we are told that two humans Lif[Old Norse-`life`] and Lifthrasir[Old Norse-`the one striving after life`]survive Ragnarok after hiding in Hoddmimir`s wood, which Rudolf Simek in his Dictionary of Northern Mythology considers to be the trunk of the world-tree Yggdrasil. There is a direct parallel to the recreation of man from a tree to their original creation from trees[Askr and Embla]. Things will come full circle again, which is always the way in Germanic and Aryan mythology which does not have a concept of linear time.
As a final thought it is worth bearing in mind that with modern genetic science nothing is now eternally lost-all living or once living things-including our race can be made anew and they will be!

Wolfsangel-The Rune of Coming Germanic Resistance

2011-06-04T10:12:00.003+01:00

The Wolfsangel or Wolf-hook Rune does not form part of any historic futharkh although Nigel Pennick in his Secrets of the Runes does place this rune within a fifth Aett.
The rune represents "an ancient iron weapon used to catch and kill wolves. Wolsangel channels magical energy for human use. First it binds all harmful influences and then it obliterates them"[page 77 of The Complete Illustrated Guide To Runes by Nigel Pennick].
He also considers that along with the Anglo-Saxon rune Stan, Wolfsangel is the rune of Vidar, destroyer of the Fenris-wolf[page 119].
"Its greatest use is in binding powerful forces of disorder and dissolution."
"Also, as a wall anchor, it maintained order, preventing the spreading of walls, and the possible collapse of the building."
[page 97, Secrets of the Runes by Nigel Pennick].
The rune is also associated with the sky-God Tyr who sacrificed an arm in order to bind the Fenris-wolf. Its element is earth, its polarity is female, its colour red and it is linked to the metal iron.
With its capacity to bind and destroy forces of disorder and dissolution it was used by the freemen, peasants and farmers of Germany during the Thirty Years War from 1618-1648[a war by the way instigated and prolonged by the forces of Christianity].
Hermann Loens[1866-1914] published his powerful fictional chronicle Der Wehrwolf[The Warwolf] in 1910.
On page 78 of the English translation Loens wrote: "Wolf-runes were carved into the trees in every direction around the hills; they signified: 'Beware! Before you is an abyss, and should you fall in, you are doomed!'" This work will be of interest to Wodenists as there is a clear pre-Christian Germanic religious undercurrent running throughout the whole of the book.
Not surprisingly Der Wehrwolf was required reading for Heinrich Himmler's SS in the closing stages of WWII when Germany was encircled by Bolshevic and Zionist-Capitalist forces, ready to invade and pollute Germany`s sacred soil.
The Wolfsangel became the dreaded symbol of the SS Werewolves and it was found daubed over the doors of collaborators and other traitors. The bodies of executed traitors also bore this sign on a placard as a warning to others who would consider betraying their Volk and Vaterland.
The SS and other non-SS Werewolf units acted as a modern form of the medieaval Holy Vehme who according to Stephen E. Flowers, Ph.D[Edred Thorsson]has its origins in the eight century CE and its revival in the 14th-15th centuries CE with the breakdown of law and order in Germany: "In this time when ancient principles were being violated by the very ones who were supposed to be upholding them[knights and nobles-my emphasis]there arose a mysterious institution: the Holy Vehme[Feme/Veme and Vehme].
The Vehme itself was of ancient origin. Its formal institutions go back to the time of Charlemagne who had established in the law the idea of free-courts in which freemen could apply ancient customary laws to ensure peace and good order in society."[The Northern Dawn. A History of the Awakening of the Germanic Spirit. Volume 1 From the Twilight of the Gods to the Sun at Midnight].
The existence of the Holy Vehme can be traced right through from Charlemagne to the 14-15th century CE, to the 30 Years War, to the Freikorps and the aftermath of WW1 and the Werewolf resistance movement from 1944 to 1949. A thorough history of the Werewolves is given in The Last Nazis. SS Werewolf Guerilla Resistance in Europe 1944-1947 by Perry Bidiscombe. An earlier work by Charles Whiting called Werewolf. The Nazi Resitance Movement 1944-1945 is less authorative in my opinion and quite dismissive in the achievements of these young heroes.
The identity of the members of the Vehme was secret, they met in secret and passed judgement and execution on those who were found guilty of betraying their folk. Execution was mainly carried out by hanging. No doubt this was an unconscious offering to the God of the hanged, Woden.
This rune is beginning to re-emerge in the consciousness of Germanic people, faithful to their Gods who see their lands being systematically invaded and destroyed by alien hordes who are being encouraged to flood our lands by the very democratically elected representatives of the people. The rule of this rootless and folkless political and economic elite is fast coming to an end and they will in time be judged by the people who they have so shamefully betrayed. Their rule is fast coming to an end.

Wotans Krieger-My Awakening

2011-05-22T10:18:00.005+01:00

One thing that we hear too little of in folkish circles is what the Christians would call peoples 'testimonies'.It can be both interesting and encouraging to hear how others with a similar Weltanschauung came to their current beliefs.
I am and always have been a spiritual seeker and being born in a Christian country I naturally began my quest within the prevailing Judeo-Christian religious hegemony.
From my mid teens onward I started to study the Christian Bible, first of all out of interest and then to seek meaning for my existence. At the same time I devoured books on Spiritualism, being convinced that I was a 'Christian Spiritualist'[if there can be such a thing].I spent the best part of 20 years studying the Bible and wandering from church to church, seeking answers and the fellowship of like minded people.I frequented Anglican, Evangelical Free Church, Pentecostal and house churches.
For a long time I tried to ignore the numerous errors and contradictions within the Bible, most especially the various gospel accounts of the life, death and supposed resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth.
A crisis point came in 1989 with the passing of my mother. Not only did I fail to receive any consolation from these so-called 'loving' Christians but for a long time I failed to feel at ease within the churches, having arguments and confrontations with other Christians over points of doctrine and belief etc. With the passing of my German mother I began to explore the history of the German people, starting with WWII and working back to pre-Christian times, the era of the Voelkerwanderungenzeit.I also started to master the German tongue and over the years from 1994 to 2001 I gained 3 qualifications to Diploma level in this language and qualifications in Dutch and Swedish. Since then I have also gained a Diploma in Rune Divination amongst other subjects. I also studied over languages; Old English and Latin. In 1989 I heard for the first time the music of Richard Wagner`s Der Ring Des Nibelungen and developed a passion for this music, sensing a strange affinity which could not be articulated with words. It spoke to my German and Germanic soul. My love of Wagner`s music led to an interest in and a study of the Runes and Germanic mythology which eventually led to my abandonment of Christianity and my turning to the religion of my Anglo-Saxon and German ancestors: Wotanism/Wodenism.
I felt within me an inner struggle between Jesus Christ and Wotan/Woden and Wotan/Woden won that struggle. It was the beginning of my awakening. I could deny neither the Call of the Blood nor the Call of the Gods. It was simply not consistent for me to hold to a universalist religion and a Hebrew god and maintain the folkish Weltanschauung that I had discovered. The inner tension that existed within me for years finally disappeared and has never returned. One does not 'convert' to Wotanism/Wodenism/Odinism one returns to it. For this religion is a part of our very DNA. As long as the Germanic people continue to exist our Gods will survive. However if our Gods perish then so will we as a distinct people.
Out of the blue approximately 9-10 years ago I received a mail shot from Woden's Folk and something resonated deep within me. I duly responded and joined that organisation as a Supporter, then quickly progressing on to an apprenticeship, becoming a Fellow after my initiation and taking of the Oath of Profession. This marked a major turning point in my life for the first time I began to apply my knowledge in a religious way, worshiping the Gods, not just reading about them. My religion defines now who and what I am and all being well will define my daughter as well.
Woden is calling and his Valkyries are choosing His elect. Will you hear the call?

May Day

2011-04-18T09:35:00.003+01:00

May Day[May the 1st] also known as Beltane is under attack by the Tory government. I suspect that this is less to do with its socialist connotations which are relatively recent and more to do with its authentic heathen and Aryan roots. This government just like any other is anti-Aryan and under undue influence from the christian churches to push through a christian agenda.
In the German speaking lands it is the day after Walpurgisnacht which is one of those times of the year when the veil between Midgard and the other eight worlds is thin.
Among the Celtic peoples Bel is like His Germanic counterpart Balder, a solar deity. His festival announces the beginning of of the summer half of the year when in pre-christian times fires were lit all over northern Europe and people jumped through the flames and smoke to purify themselves and to generate fertility.
According to Nigel Pennick[Practical Magic in the Northern Tradition]the Beltane fire was constructed from the woods of nine different trees. Nine of course is a sacred number in Germanic lore. All fires in the villages were extinguished on May Eve and then relit from the central need-fire which is represented by the rune Nauthiz/Nyd/Naudh/Not. The very shape of this rune which does not appear to vary among the various futharks/futhorks is symbolic of the bow drill used to spark the Need Fire.
The jumping over the fire according to Grimm[Teutonic Mythology] is a more recent substitute for human and then later animal sacrifice.
There were of course the famous meetings of witches on Mayday on the Brocken mountain in the Harz in Lower Saxony. Walter Keating Kelly states that "The human witches of Northern Europe are degenerate and abhorred representatives of the ancient goddesses and their attendants, who were themselves developments of the primitive conception of the cloud-women; but witches, even in their degraded state, exhibit a multitude of characteristics by which we can recognise the originals of whom they are but loathsome caricatures."[Curiosities of Indo-European Tradition and Folk-lore]
The Maypole is representative of both the world ash tree, Yggdrasil or Irminsul, the unmoveable representation of the North Star, Asgard. The human spine is also a type of world tree and via it the Sun Initiate may ascend from the lowest of the nine worlds, Hel to the highest, Asgard and other intermediate worlds via spiritual practices such as Rune Yoga and within this spiritual discipline specific exercises such as the Yew Tree working[Nine Doors of Midgard by Edred Thorsson].
The Maypole also represents the phallus and the dancing around it with the coloured streamers signifies both the release of sperm and the kindling of the Need-Fire.
Human life begins with the descent of spirit into matter forming a cross. The vertical line being the direction of spirit and the horizontal being matter. Having descended into physical form the Sun Initiate`s task is to gain experience and then to seek the ascent from matter back into spirit. After sufficient spiritual evolution the Initiate is free from the compulsion of Eternal Recurrence and becomes as it were a God-man, free to choose to return when and where he or she wishes as an avatar. Life in the physical body in reality is a form of sleep and we are in a perpetual dream state. Only with the release of our true Self from the confines of matter will we truly awaken and take with us our life experience as waking from a vivid dream.
This process represents the Armanic concept of Arising-Becming-Passing Away-New Arising taught by Guido von List. Incarnation into individual physical bodies by the God force is an atomisation of the divine and such atomisation or seperation creates the feeling of the "I" and "Not I" which is an illusion. With the release from matter this artificial seperation is extinguished and we again become directly connected with the Absolute.
With the practice of meditation, concentration, visualisation, breathing techniques, runic mantras and runic body shapes we can achieve greater awareness and detachment from illusion. We must as Initiates take the runes beyond the practice of divination and use them as a tool given to the the Germanic peoples to achieve spiritual awakening and upward evolution.

The Aryan Concept of the Supreme God

2011-03-22T10:33:00.006+01:00

Within Aryan mythologies there is a concept of a supreme deity, a deity who manifests Himself or Herself in many forms and at many levels. This being is eternal. He cannot age or be destroyed. By contrast our manifested Gods have a certain limited lifespan. I use this term in a very loose sense for we cannot view the Gods in the same way as human beings but various Aryan mythologies do show Gods either ageing or have some sort of vunerability in that they may be maimed or be killed.
The Germanic mythology in particular gives examples of Gods being maimed: Tyr who lost his hand to the Fenris wolf, Woden who exchanged one of his eyes for wisdom and Hodr who appears always to have been blind.
In Celtic mythology we find the God Nuada lost his hand to be given a silver replacement.
In Germanic mythology we find that with the myth of the theft of Idunn`s apples that the Gods and Godesses begin to age for they rely upon the apples to maintain their eternal youth.
The defeat of the Tuatha de Danann by the Milesians where many of the Gods are slain and the final battle of Ragnarok where most of the Aesir are killed demonstrates most clearly that there is a life span of sorts attached to our Gods. But their divine essence cannot die: it simply takes a new form. A new pantheon of Gods and a new humanity replenish the earh after Ragnarok. Indeed the world itself along with the sun is renewed and a new Golden Age begins where the Gods once again walk the earth in harmony with man.
Just as Gods can be killed they can also be resurrected as we find with the Gods Baldr and Hodr after Ragnarok. In a symbolic way we see this today with the re-emergence of the Germanic Gods from the Collective Racial Unconscious into the light of day where they are once again being honoured openly by our folk.
The Swiss-German founder of Analytical Psychology Carl Gustav Jung likened the Gods to archetypes dwelling in the Collective Unconscious of a particular Volk who under certain conditions would re-manifest themselves. "Archetypes are like riverbeds which dry up when the water deserts them, but which it can find again at any time. An archetype is like an old watercourse along which the water of life has flowed for centuries, digging a deep channel for itself. The longer it has flowed in this channel the more likely it is that sooner or later the water will return to its old bed."[Wotan, 1936].
Beyond and above these Gods of the folk there is a supreme deity who the Hindus call Brahma. This figure is almost lost in Germanic mythology but we get a glimpse of Him in the Poetic or Elder Edda: "Then comes the mighty one to the great judgement, the powerful from above, who rules o`er all. He shall dooms pronounce, and strifes allay, holy peace establish, which shall ever be."[Voluspa]
The late 19th and early 20th century German Runemaster Guido von List referred to Him as Der Starke von Oben[the strong one from above]
One of Woden`s titles is All-Father which implies a total supremacy which the extant Germanic myths do not appear to substantiate. Could this be a title that He inherited from another and perhaps earlier deity when Woden gained in popularity amongst the Germanic peoples?
The ancient Germanic God of war, Tyr or Tiw may indeed have been the original supreme Germanic sky God and the first possessor of the title All-Father. He appears to have been relegated in the Eddas to a subordinate role to Woden but we must remember that the actual writing down of the Eddas came late in the history of our religion. Not only are the Eddas to a certain extent tainted by the hands of the christian scribes but Germanic religion developed over time and His original and supreme function may have been forgotten by then.
Interestingly the rune named after Tyr/Tiw/Ziu is Tiwaz/Tiw/Tyr/. Not only is this rune shaped like a spear point and thus symbolises Tyr`s warlike function but esoterically signifies the world tree, Yggdrasil or Irminsul and thus points to his earlier function of being a sky deity.
There is a little known mediaeval rune known as Ziu which signifies the `father of the Gods` and the power that he displays through the thunderbolt as a supreme sky God. It is this rune which I have chosen to accompany this article.
Sky deities in Aryan mythologies appear to be superior Gods and allude to an overarching supremacy over other Gods and beings. Indeed Tiu is cognate with the reconstrcuted Proto-Indo-European sky God Dyeus from which Zeus and Dyaus is derived.
When our Gods die we need not fear for they live again in new forms more fitting for that age. The form may change but the essence is eternal.

The Arctic Origins of the Aryan Race

2011-03-21T10:00:00.003+01:00

The Aryan race ultimately can trace its origins to the Arctic regions where there once existed a Golden Age civilisation called Thule or Hyperborea. The reasons for my conclusions are based on an understanding of the various Aryan mythologies, evidence from astronomy, botany, biology and climatology.
The divine race of Ireland, the Tuatha de Danann are said in the Battle of Mag Tured to have lived in the islands at the "North of the world". Of course this does not in itself establish their exact geographical origin but it is certainly Hyperborean.
The Aesir, the divine race of the Germanic peoples are also indirectly credited with a Hyperborean origin because of their association with the lands of the far north of Europe-Scandinavia. The Romans referred to Scandinavia as Thule after Pytheas, the Greek explorer from the 4th century BCE who explored the northern regions of Europe. Of the nine worlds of Germanic mythology, Asgard is the highest and in a sense may be thought of as being the most northerly.
The Greek God Apollo is said to have been venerated by the Hyperboreans who spent every winter amongst them.
In the national epic of the Finns[a Non-Indo-European speaking but racially Nordic people] the Kalevala it is said that the ancestor of the Finns, Kaleva has his abode in "the North`s furthest fields".
Bal Gangadhar Tilak in his Arctic Home in the Vedas provides substantial evidence from the ancient Rig Vedas and Avestas that the ancient Aryans lived in the arctic region but during a time when it was temporate and could support a variety of fauna and flora which scientists have been discovering for years. He compares these ancient Aryan scriptures with evidence from astronomy and comes to this conclusion: "It followed, therefore that if the Vedic evidence pointed to an arctic home, the forefathers of the Aryan race must have lived therein not after but before the last Glacial epoch. But the traditions preserved in the Avesta dispense with the necessity of relying on geology for this purpose. We have now direct traditional evidence to show [1] that the Airyana Vaejo had originally a good climate, but Angra Mainyu converted it into a winter of ten and a summer of two months, [2] that the Airyana Vaejo was so situated that the inhabitants of Yima`s Vara therein regarded the year only as a day, and saw the sun rise only once a year, and [3] that the happy land was rendered uninhabitable by the advent of a Glacial epoch which destroyed all life therein."
This catastrophe which would have buried the Hyperborean civilisation necessitated a migration southwards of the Aryan peoples to less inhospitable climes. The Aryans however took with them their most ancient and sacred symbol, the swastika known also as the fylfot, the fyrfos, Hakenkreuz, Thor`s Hammer and the gammadion. This symbol can be found wherever Aryan man in the ancient past has wandered, even amongst civilisations which have been regarded by establishment historians as non-Aryan such as China and amongst the American Indians. This is no doubt due to Aryan man`s early contacts with these peoples where he was revered as a god and a bringer of higher civilisation.
The Popul Vuh gives an account of how the the ancient forefathers of Meso-America had been exiled from the far away city of Tulan.
The prevalence of the swastika amongst the various Aryan peoples in itself points to their Hyperborean origins for as George A. Keyx states in his Holy Grail Ancient Pagan Apocrypha "Another important aspect of the Polar Myth is its relation to the most ancient and sacred of Indo-European symbols-the swastika. The swastika has often been used throughout history as a symbol of the pole and of motion around it."
Keryx states in his book that by calculating back in time when Ursa Minor last rotated around the pole star Thuban , forming the swastika in the north sky was about 3,000 BCE. The cosmic sign of the swastika over thousands of years appearing above their heads would have made a deep impression upon our ancestors and its sacredness is linked to our very origins as a race.
Helena Blavatsky in her Secret Doctrine stated that the continent of Manvantara, the `Imperishible Sacred Land` "capped the over the whole North Pole like one unbroken crust".

Aryan Imperium

2011-02-12T10:32:00.007+01:00

I have recently finished reading Norman Lowell's Imperium Europa and C. Marcus Ideus' Imperian Manifesto and I wholeheartedly endorse their concept of an Aryan Imperium. Not only is this the solution to the problems of the Aryan race but it would provide the structure for the further advancement of our peoples.
The problem of racial extinction and genocide that faces our race requires a collective pan-Aryan solution not a petty nationalist one. Nationalism in the past has been the source of division amongst our peoples and helped to fuel numerous fratricidal European wars and two world wars.
Just as pollution and epidemics do not recognise national borders neither does the danger of mass `legal` and illegal immigration by the Asiatic and African hordes. A pan-Aryan solution is required and the emergence of an Imperium within Europe would provide the necessary framework and armed muscle to disenfranchise and forceably deport the miliions of non-Aryans to be found on our continent.
Mr Lowell forsees the Imperium extending to a cleansed USA, Australasia and Aryan parts of Africa. Our borders would be sealed and only the introduction of a `Europid ID` card would prevent aliens from existing within our borders. Such a card would only be issued after DNA testing has been carried out. Our economic system would once again be tied to the gold standard and no currency or resources would leave the Imperium. Those resources that the Imperium lacks would be traded for food which our peoples produce with a surplus.
Mr Lowell sees the re-emergence of an authentic pre-christian Aryan spirituality and appears himself to subscribe the the spirituality known as Cosmotheism. Ideus on the other hand is an unrepentant Christian or Christist as he describes himself. This is none other than a blatant attempt at reintroducing the deiscredited nonsense known as British Israelism or Christian Identity as it is now known.
There are several inconsitencies in Ideus` book, notably his position on capital punishment and the education of women. On page 147 of Imperian Manifesto he says that women should not be educated beyond High School level which in my opinion is not only divisive but would deprive our race of 50% of its best talent only in the name of his misogynist views which effectively would have prevented that great post war National Socialist Savitri Devi from making the contribution she has made to our cause. He sees women as purely broodmares! I don`t get this feeling from reading Imperium Europa.
Ideus and Lowell are both against the death penalty for Aryans on the grounds that they could be used for lifelong genetic experimentation to discover and eradicate the genes that are responsible for criminal behaviour. However Ideus also takes the view that the DNA of criminals is precious and to elimate murderers from the gene pool would unnecessarily reduce our numbers and prevent these miscreants from breeding! He totally ignores or is oblivious to the irony that such criminals would pass on their criminal and murderous propensities to further generations if they are not executed and permitted to breed! Furthermore there is a blatant contradiction on this within the pages of his book. On page 132 of his book he wrote "Likewise all convicted criminals shal undergo sterilization...." whilst on page 140 he stated "We simply cannot afford to sacrifice any more of our precious genes to the advancing barbarian Moloch at our gates!"
They see the takeover of the current European Union as a realistic strategy in uniting the Aryan peoples of Europe and its transformation into an Aryan Imperium: only time will tell!

Adolf Hitler and the Christian Lie

2011-01-30T10:59:00.003+01:00

Over the years on political websites I have debated with those who staunchly maintain against all reason that Adolf Hitler was a christian, not just a nominal one by birth but a genuine follower of `da lord`. They use the rather lame argument that he never condemned Christianity in Mein Kampf or his speeches but often spoke about a `divine providence`. They misguidely assume that He referred to the god of the christian religion and in their naiivety and arrogance maintain that this god can be none other than the father of their Jesus Christ!
Hitler on occasions in His speeches referred to the `god who made the German Volk`, not humanity in general but specifically the German Volk. In Mein Kampf He also refers to the `creator of the universe` but never as far as I have noticed refers to the god who is the father of Jesus Christ. Do these idiots consider that He could only be referring to their god or did He have another and totally different god in mind?
It is interesting that Hitler whilst a soldier in 1915 during WWI penned this poem in honour of Wotan, a God of the German Volk if ever there was one:

Sometimes, in the bitter nights I go to Oak Wotan.
Surrounded by silent glare,
To forge an alliance with the powers at night.
The runic letters that makes the moon with his magic spell
and all those who during the day are full of impudence,
They become small before the magic formula!
They cast steel spears, but instead of hitting the target,
Solidify into stalagmites.
Thus, the false are separated from the real.
I came to a nest of swords and then give my formula
Blessings and prosperity for the good and the fair.

Now this of course is not evidence as such that Hitler was a follower of Wotan-or not consciously but would a devout christian pen such a poem in honour of a heathen deity?

In addition to this we have the following recorded verbal remarks made by Hitler during private conversations which were not intended for publication during His lifetime for obvious reasons:

Hitler`s Table Talk

"So it`s not opportune to hurl ourselves now into a struggle with the Churches. The best thing is to let Christianity die a natural death."
[14/10/1941]

"The same thing is happening to music as is happening to beauty in a world dominated by the shavelings-the Christian religion is an enemy to beauty."
[20-21/2/1942]

"What Bolshevism is achieving to-day on the materialist and technical level,Christianity had achieved on the metaphysical level.
When the Crown sees the throne totter,it needs the support of the masses.
It would be better to speak of Constantine the traitor and Julian the Loyal than of Constantine the Great and Julian the Apostate."
[27/1/1942]

The religion fabricated by Paul of Tarsus,which was later called Christianity,is nothing but the Communism of to-day"
[29-30/11/1944]

"If God is truly interested in men being enlightened,one wonders why He resorts to torture for that purpose.
While we`re on the subject,let`s add that,even amongst those who claim to be good Catholics,very few really believe in this humbug."

I shall never come personally to terms with the Christian lie."

"Our epoch will certainly see the end of the disease of Christianity.
It will last another hundred years,two hundred years perhaps.
My regret will have been that I couldn`t, like whoever the prophet was, behold the promised land from afar."
[27/2/1942]

"Kerrl, with the noblest of intentions, wanted to attempt a synthesis between National Socialism and Christianity. I don`t believe the thing`s possible, and I see the obstacle in Christianity itself."
[14/12/1941]

"Christianity is a rebellion against natural law,a protest against nature.
Taken to its logical extreme, Christianity would mean the systematic cultivation of the human failure."
[10/10/1941]

"I can imagine people being enthusiastic about the paradise of Mahomet, but as for the insipid paradise of the Christians!"

"But Christianity is the invention of sick brains:"
[13/12/1941]

"The heaviest blow that ever struck humanity was the coming of Christianity. Bolshevism is Christianity`s illegitimate child. Both are inventions of the Jew. The deliberate lie in the matter of religion was introduced into the world by Christianity."
[11-12/7/1941]

"The reason why the ancient world was so pure, light and serene was that it knew nothing of the two great scourges: the pox and Christianity."
[19/10/1941]

The response of most `christian` white nationalists and other racialists is to argue that Table Talk must be a fraud without presenting a shred of evidence to support their theory.

Apart from Hitler`s actual recorded words in private we have of course his actions to consider. My mother was married to an officer in the SS and thus experienced directly the Third Reich and told me many times when I was young things that I have since seen confirmed by others. The swastika gradually replaced the christian cross in many churches, Mein Kampf in place of the Bible, SS naming ceremonies in place of christenings, prayers to Adolf Hitler and not Jesus Christ as the saviour of the Aryan race and of course the veneration of the Germanic Runes, fire festivals and the neo-pagan nature of the Nuernberg rallies.
I don`t think that any serious observer of the Third Reich, whether they believe in the historicity of the `Holocaust` or not can consider Hitler`s treatment of the Jews as being anything but christian!
The reason for this ludicrous labelling of Hitler as a christian is in the eyes of some a means of discrediting Christianity. Christianity can be discredited on more obvious grounds without resorting to the lie of Hitler being a christian. Those who are modern day Germanic heathens also maintain this lie as a defence of their spirituality. Racialists, especially American ones also cling to the lie because they are terrified of relinquishing their childhood christian fables and they fear eternal judgement in `Hell` by an angry and vindictive Jewish `god`. I term this neurosis the Pilgrim Fathers` Complex But as Savitri Devi in several of her books maintains, one cannot be both a christian and a National Socialist. The two Weltanschauungen are diametrically opposed. One must choose and choose decisively!

Great Aryans-Savitri Devi

2011-01-03T12:52:00.003+01:00

Savitri Devi, born Maximine Julia Portas on 30/9/05 is the first of the great pre-war National Socialists to conceive the concept of Esoteric National Socialism although this term was not used by her as such but nevertheless she was one of the first to realise that Adolf Hitler was more than just a politician, statesman or war leader but an Aryan Avatar. Within His person He combined the elements of the Hindu Vishnu[Preserver] and Shiva[Destroyer] Avatars, the presager of the final Kalki Avatar who will bring the Kali Yuga to a close. Miguel Serrano developed this concept further in later years.
This theory was explored in her 1958 published work The Lightning and the Sun in which she wrote about the impact of Ahknaton[a Man Above Time], Genghis Khan[a Man in Time] and Adolf Hitler[a Man Against Time]. The work was dedicated to Adolf Hitler: "To the god-like Individual of our times; the Man against Time; the greatest European of all times; both Sun and Lightning: Adolf Hitler".
Genghis Khan she typified as the Lightning, Ahknaton as the Sun but Adolf Hitler encapsulated both the Lightning and the Sun in his life and work. Genghis Khan was a conqueror who sought power merely for power`s sake and for self-aggrandisement. Akhnaton was an idealist, a philosopher who sought to introduce a new religion into Egypt, the Religion of the Sun Disc but he lacked the necessary `Lightning` to ensure that his work ultimately succeeded. By contrast Adolf Hitler was an idealist who sought to usher in a new Aryan Golden Age, to reverse the effects of the Kali Yuga and was not afraid to use force to ensure that His ideals were enforced. Ultimately He failed as the anti-Aryan forces of zionism and international capitalism were too powerful. He had insufficient `Lightning` to defeat the dark forces. However He should be viewed as the prototype of Der Starker von Oben[Guido von List`s concept] who is yet to appear who will in the words of the Bhagavad Gita: "Age after age, when justice is cushed, when evil reigns supreme, I come; again am I born on Earth to save the world." Many consider The Lightning and the Sun to be her most significant work and I share this view.
Savitri was an intelligent and well educated woman whith Masters degrees in Philosophy and Chemistry and a Ph.D in Philosophy. She was half English, part Greek and part Italian by extraction and defined her nationality as `Indo-European`.
In 1949 she suffered imprisonment for printing and distributing National Socialist propaganda in post war western Germany. In the 1950s along with The Lightening and the Sun she published Defiance, Gold in the Furance, Impeachment of Man and Pilgramage. Earlier works include A Warning to the Hindus, A Son of God: The Life and Philosophy of Akhnaton, King of Egypt. Later works include Long Whiskers and the Two-Legged Goddess and Memories and Reflections of an Aryan Woman.
In 2005 her taped 1978 interview transcripts were published as And Time Rolls On:The Savitri Devi Interviews.
She died on 22/10/82 in Essex at her friend`s house after having spent most of the latter part of her life living in India.
It would be fair to say that her greatest influence has been in recent years when there has been a renewed interest in her work and the republication of her books.
After the war she developed many important relationships with other international National Socialists.
I hope to be able to write further articles about this important woman`s work in the future on this blog. This article is intended to be merely an introduction to her life and work.

The Lie of Man-Made Global Warming

2010-12-12T11:52:00.006+01:00

Perhaps the scientific community who are involved in global warming research would care to explain why we in Britain have experienced record low temperatures for the last two winters, all within the space of eleven months? How does this fit in with your notions that we are experiencing continual rises in temperature and that this is man-made? Also we need to take into consideration that technically we are still in Autumn!
By using the same kind of `thinking` we could deduce from the fact that because we have experienced temperatures of lower than minus 20C and two successive extremely cold winters that we are more likely to be heading for another Ice Age than a parched earth? Dramatically colder winters and no real evidence of warmer summers can only indicate a trend in the opposite direction but the `scientific community` would rather bamboozle the public with their crank notion because at the end of the day it guarantees an endless supply of funds from governments, all paid for by you and I with the sole purpose of keeping these treacle scientists in well paid `work`!
Keep massaging the figures and lying to the public!
Readers of this blog may recall an ealier post on this subject: Has Fimbulvetr Arrived posted on 10/1/10.
It would appear that the fulfillment of the great prophecy of the the prelude to Ragnarok contained in the Prose Edda may very well be upon us.

The BBC-The Bastardisation of British Culture-The Saga Continues Part 6-Censorship of Free Speech by Amazon UK

2010-12-11T11:27:00.006+01:00

Unfortunately Amazon UK have decided to delete the review and thread initiated by Wulf V regardng BBC`s pathetic piece of social engineering called `Merlin`.
Luckily he did receive copies of the posts by e mail so I can add the final comments to this blog. The last comment does not appear in its entirety on Wulf`s e mail.
What does this say about Amazon UK? If they are terrified of the prospect of people crossing swords verbally in cyber space why go through the charade of allowing discussions to take place on their site? It would seem that `free speech` is only `free` and permissable so long as it does not rock the multiracial and politically correct boat.
And is this knee jerk reaction in any way connected to their refusal to continue to host the Wikileaks site? It would seem that the BBC and Amazon UK are both part of the same problem which afflicts the United Kingdom: the BBC knowingly are contributing towards the social engineering of Aryan British society, their bosses lining their fat pockets from the government each time they play this little game and Amazon UK refuse to allow any criticism of the status quo. Perhaps it is time that we all started boycotting Amazon UK and refuse to pay the robber tax known as a TV licence? I know that Wulf V has spent thousands of pounds over the years buying goods from Amazon UK and this is how he is betrayed. Perhaps the followers and readers of this blog should start to obtain their books from other Internet sites such as Lulu and Abe Books?
The comments and insulting remarks made by Mr B.J. Wiggett of St Leonard`s on Sea, East Sussex is typical of the mentality of the hand wringing Guardian reading "liberals". Mr Wiggett, our "kind" will not "die out" and it will take more than a hand wringing lberal to accomplish the task.
Or perhaps you are simply wishing or expecting that the 1,000,000 people who voted BNP and others who think likewise are not going to reproduce? I can assure you Mr Wiggett the ranks of awakened Aryans in the UK are growing,
Mr Wiggett by his own admission has no problems in his own daughter`s `view of the world[being]shaped by "the corrosive agents of left-wing dogma"` and regards anyone who is trying to save the indigenous peoples and cultures of the British Isles as "Daily Mail reading, xenophobic, right wing, ignorant bigots". How `liberal`, how `tolerant` of you Mr Wiggett! He calls this kind of `thinking` "liberal virtues"!
Well Mr Wiggett Amazon UK have deleted your abusive and ill conceived comments from their site but they will remain for all time on this blog-to your continual shame!

Mr. B. J. Wiggett says:

You really do like the sound of your own voice don't you? Maybe you should look up the definition of subtext and listen to the views of the BNP, very similar words come from the mouth of Nick Griffin. Seems like bigotry and xenophobia to me. People like you make me sick and if that is a "knee jerk emotional rea_ction is quite typical of the so-called "liberal" left" then I can live with that. Thank goodness your kind will eventually die out.

Colin D. Robertson says:

As I am (probably) one of the "Daily Mail reading, xenophobic, right wing, ignorant bigots" you were referring to, let me say that it isn't helpful for us to fall out. I'm partly responsible for that as I stereotyped PC liberals as metrosexuals from Islington etc. That was disrespectful and I apologise for it. We all know that PC liberalism stretches far beyond the confines of Islington, and that its adherents are not all metrosexual. ;)

To address your points... it depends what you mean by bigotry and xenophobia. What if the BBC made a "historical" drama set in Africa in 1800, featuring tribesmen played by Chinese, white and Indian actors? Would you really think "they got the best actors for the roles"? Or would you think "historical revisionism"? Would it not seem like the...

The BBC - The Bastardisation of British Culture-The Saga Continues Part 5

2010-12-08T11:35:00.004+01:00

Elfgiva says:

I agree with you here mad mushroom. The apparent exclusion of all references to Christianity left me more than a little bemused, especially when the 'Old religion' is consantly being referred to. How logically can the old religion be called such, if there is no New religion? In this case, it seems the Old Religion is the only religion, practiced by half the population of Camelot, and more some.
There is good historical evidence to prove that a sizeable Christian communties existed in England by the fifth century, we know St Patrick was born in Roman Britannia. He wrote that his family had been Christian for at least 3 generations, and his case was by no means unique.

Mr B.J. Wiggett says:

I have a 2 year old daughter and I would rather her have her view of the world shaped by "the corrosive agents of left-wing dogma" than by the Daily Mail reading, xenophobic, right wing, ignorant bigots that make up most of the posts in this thread. By the way I am neither middles class, metrosexual nor from Islington, but I do believe that liberal virtues will one day prevail over fundamentalist right wing dogma that seems to be what some of you people think is what it means to be British (or English to be precise.)

Wulf V`s reponse:

I have a 3 year old daughter and I do not view it as anyone else`s responsibility to "shape her view of the world". That responsibility is mine.
I have not seen any "xenophobia" displayed in any of the aforementioned comments and neither do I seen any evidence of "right wing, ignorant bigots" posting on this thread unless you can show me otherwise?
Your knee jerk emotional reaction is quite typical of the so-called "liberal" left. If this discussion concerned the subject of white people usurping the mythical characters of other races and peoples I am sure that you would be one of this first to object but it would seem that the Aryan peoples are to be excluded the same rights accorded to other aboriginal peoples. We of all races and peoples are to be denied our ancient identity.
Using a British myth as a vehicle to project anti-white, multicultural and so-called "liberal" anti-values on to Britain`s past, albeit a legendary past is reprehensible and nothing more than cheap and obvious social engineering aimed at poisoning the minds of the ethnically English and British peoples at an early age.
By the way Arthur is a British and not an English myth. You do understand the difference between those two terms don`t you?

The BBC-The Bastardisation of British Culture-The Saga Continues Part 4

2010-12-04T10:49:00.002+01:00

Colin D. Robertson says

Hello Donna,

You said:

"the ridiculous and utterly misplaced rant against a supposed effort at "Social Engineering" (whatever that may be!) is downright blameworthy. The decision to cast a woman of color as Guinevere is a casting choice. It requires no comment at all given a suitable attitude to the color-blindedness which ought to characterize the attitude of any decent person."

Oh contraire. I think you'll find the BBC is very far from colour-blind, being obsessed with casting ethnic minorities no matter how inappropriate.

Producers get paid yearly bonuses if they hit a certain target for casting ethnic minorities. It is not, therefore, accidental that such casting takes place. The producers are doing it for the money, their superiors are doing it for PC streetcred.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6240208.stm

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1202787/TV-bosses-face-sack-dont-hit-diversity-targets-says-BBC-executive.html

http://www.bjr.org.uk/data/2006/no1_campion

So while it is technically true that casting a woman of colour as Guinevere is "a casting choice", the choice is politically-loaded and very deliberate.

Given the low quality of acting in "Merlin", I find the idea that they chose "the best actor for the role" very unlikely. Casting ethnic minorities is a conscious decision - especially when the roles would never have been white in the first place (a black Friar Tuck etc.).

It is all deliberate, and springs from middle-class self-hate and Western colonial guilt. They are trying to retcon British society to modern standards. Kids watching this will believe that Britain was always multicultural, and will therefore be confused about people moaning about immigration and political correctness etc. It's rather like the Nazis putting a swastika flag into the hand of every child at the earliest opportunity, to ensure their obedience.

Thus, it is social engineering.

mad mushroom says:

While I'm no expert on Arthurian/British mythology, I'm pretty sure there would have been no black knights at the court of King Arthur (or whatever was the true basis for the legend). Or even black settlers. Then there's the issue of the lack of religion in this series. King Arthur - myth or fact - was supposed to have ruled sometime after the retreat of the Roman Empire. Rome brought Christianity to these shores: and that Early Insular Christianity was still alive hundreds of years later when Pope Gregory I sent Augustine to convert King Æthelberht of Kent. Yet in the Merlin series the only time religion gets any mention at all is when that tired, old phrase 'It's a mark of the old religion ... sire' gets trotted out.
There are no priests in Merlin, no chaplains, no monks, no prayers, no God. In case such content offends certain minority quarters, perhaps. This is revisionist, politically correct history of the worst sort: mind-numbing pap for the same generation that lapped up Russel Davies' camp rubbish. Unfortunately, the forces now in control of the government and the BBC (New Labour & Tories being pretty much the same after all, and they'll soon realise it) are determined to stamp out all the cohesive institutions of our society that ordinary people have taken for granted for the last hundred years: family, marriage, religion, courtesy, law and order. Ever read George Orwell? The totalitarian state described in '1984' destroys these institutions to prevent organised opposition. What does the New Labour/Tories/Lib Dem Alliance have in store for us?

Colin D. Robertson says:

Mad_mushroom, I agree with everything in your post.

You suggest that Christianity is omitted in case it offends minorities. I think it's even worse than that: it's in case Christianity offends the trendy white middle-class Islington metrosexuals (who populate the BBC itself).

The communists realised in the 1920s that national identity is a block to revolution. While it is too early to define what the future holds, it's fairly obvious that national identity is being slowly crushed (if it weren't, Tony Blair, Gordon Brown and David Cameron would each have been done for treason).

New Labour's desire for mass immigration into Britain ("to rub the Right's nose in it") is evidence that social cohesion and the wishes of the British people mean nothing to our elite. Then there's Jack Straw, who wrote that "the English as a race are not worth saving", though thankfully he never got the chance to revamp our constitution.

The wilful skewing of our history and mythology by our cultural elite (the BBC) is a way to estrange the British people from their own heritage. And you don't do that for the sake of it. There has to be some reasoning. Either it's because, as you suggest, some new world order is on the way, or it's more open-ended; a simple dislike for Britain, Christianity, and our history. (I definitely think the Empire has a role in British self-hate.)

Of course people say Merlin is "just a TV show". But in a time like ours with people reading less and less and community playing an ever smaller part in people's lives, TV shows are of monumental cultural importance. They inform the public of who they are, where they came from, etc. If a modern child derived all their knowledge of their heritage from shows like "Merlin", they wouldn't even know that they live in a post-Christian country. Then again, Russell T Davies (whom you rightly vilify) openly said that historical accuracy doesn't matter.

It even seeps into programmes like "Lark Rise to Candleford". While it may be charming and cosy, the way it is done (acting, dialogue, music, etc.) is so anodyne that I barely recognise it as English life. They've simply transposed trendy/banal attitudes onto pretty backdrops.

Either way, I do believe that in this century there is going to be massive civil unrest in Britain, and that programmes like "Merlin" will one day be seen as the corrosive agents of left-wing dogma that they are. When they realise en masse that their countries are being stolen from them by a detached, sanctimonious elite, people will rebel as a matter of survival.

Religion-A Question of Race and Ethnicity.

2010-11-28T11:01:00.005+01:00

The ancients believed that religion is indissolubly related to the race and ethnicity of a people. Once an individual, family, clan, tribe or nation divorces itself from the foundation religion of their ancestors they face the prospect of initially a loss of identity and then ultimately extermination as a distinct sociobiological entity.
"The ancients took for granted that religion was indissolubly linked to a particular city or people. Indeed, there was no term for religion in the sense we now use it to refer to the beliefs and practices of a specific group of people or of a voluntary association divorced from ethnic or national identity....The idea of an association of people bound together by a religious allegiance with its own traditions and beliefs, its own history, and its own way of life independent of a particular city or nation was foreign to the ancients. Religion belonged to a people, and it was bestowed on an individual by the people or nation from which one came or in which one lived."[Robert L. Wilken, The Christians as the Romans Saw Them, quoted via James C. Russell, The Germanization of Early Medieval Christianity.]
We see this happening today in Britain.
The christianisation of the northern European peoples resulted in a gradual loss of racial consciousness which followed an inversion of their spiritual values and a suppression of their beliefs. Today the Germanic and Celtic peoples of Britain are experiencing anomie, a lack of values and norms. Feeling cut off from their spiritual and cultural roots many of them turn to alcohol, drug addiction, gambling and vice as a palliative cure for their feelings of rootlessness.
The adoption of Christianity at the point of the sword and the fire brand has caused Aryan man to adopt a set of anti-values which denegrate the hierarchical nature of human society which is a reflection of nature. False ideals of humanitarianism, `democracy` and equality have psychologically weakened the Aryan peoples so that they now lack the will to resist the genocide that awaits them perpetrated by the alien and semitic religions of Christianity, Islam and Judaism. The adherence to a universalist religion which denies the validity and primacy or race and ethnicity is a form of race treason.
Only by responding to the call of the blood will we as a race deliver ourselves from the disaster which awaits us as a race.
Woden awaits for His people to hear and respond to the call. Wodenism/Odinism/Wotanism is the natural religion of the Germanic peoples. Woden awaits His folk to return to Him and abandon the failed religion of a failed Jewish `messiah`.
Once a critical mass of our people have responded to Woden`s call there will be a sufficient quantity of our people who will act at the right time to throw off the shackles of the traitorous alien funded and controlled establishments who dominate the political scene.
At the same time that this revolution will occur you will notice great changes in the natural order and indeed the last year or so has seen that Mutter Erde has pissed on the lie of `global warming`. Fimbulvetr is upon us and heralds the coming Ragnarok. Our lands will be cleansed from the filth which currently contaminates our sacred soil and our peoples will be delivered.

BBC-The Bastardisation of British Culture-The Saga Continues Part 3

2010-11-27T10:52:00.003+01:00

David Sandilands

I'm not sure what truth you are trying to argue for. If Arthur ever actually existed, he probably wasnt like the character in Mallory's stories, which are sourced to a large degree from French tales. Your comment that Guinevere should have been cast as a Nordic beauty because it would make more rational sense, is actually quite irrational as Arthur (as first mentioned by Nennius) spent his life defending his people from Hengist (the Saxon mercenary) and there were not yet any Nordic people on the scene. The Romans had been around for 400 years and had only just left when Arthur was supposed to have come to prominance. This was therefore Roman Britain on it's last legs. It is more likely,historically, that the Romans had brought Africans with them, as slaves , traders even soldiers.
Anyway, it's only a TV light entertainment series, not a historical drama.

Wulf V`s Response

"Light entertainment" with a thick overlay of politically correct revisionism:all aimed at the uncritical young who soak up everything like a sponge. This is what I find detestable and all carried out under the cloak of "entertainment" and at the expense of British TV licence payers.
I would have thought that my review and subsequent comment speak for themselves but clearly you have not understood the "truth I am arguing for". The BBC have sullied an aspect of northern European mythology by portraying Indo-Europeans of the so-called `Dark Ages` as being welcoming to aliens and `democratic` when the truth is just the opposite. You cannot project the antivalues of the 21st century onto that period of our history. Whether Arthur existed or not is in fact a secondary issue: what matters is the BBC`s social re-engineering of northern European society to fit today`s multiculti agenda.
For your information, the Celts of the pre Anglo-Saxon conquest-the real Celts were a Nordic people and closely related to the Germanic invaders. There is no evidence of any African presence in these islands at these times. In fact there is strong evidence that the `Roman` auxillaries were Germanic foederati and indeed there has been a Germanic presence in parts of Britain and the isles since at least the 4th century CE.

Sure Start Children`s Centres-Indoctrination of the Young

2010-11-20T10:43:00.006+01:00

A good Aryan woman recently reported to me that at her local Sure Start Centre a member of staff attempted[in vain] to persuade her Nordic child to desist from playing with her favourite white doll and to take an interest in the negro one instead. Indeed 2/3 of the dolls were black and this is in a pracically all white area.
I do not for one minute believe that this was by accident.
What made the experience most pernicious is that the staff member hugged and cradled the black doll sending out the not so subliminal message that Nordic children should aspire to or at least not rule out the possibility of having mixed race children. I find this totally abhorrent. Consequently this experience of political correctness gone mad has totally deterred the mother from using that resource.
The British Aryan-hating state is clearly committed to the bastardisation of the Aryan race in these islands and its strategy is to indoctrinate the young at an early age.
Indeed this indoctrination of the young is official government policy:
http://www.education.gov.uk/b0010314/racist-bullying/preventing-bullying/persona-dolls-and-philosophy-for-children-an-early-years-project
http://nrif.homeoffice.gov.uk/education/earlyyears/contributingtothecommunity/celebratingdiversity.asp

BBC-Bastardisation of British Culture-The Saga Continues

2010-11-16T00:11:00.006+01:00

Following on from yesterday`s article about the pathetic attempt by the BBC to socially engineer perceptions of British history and mythology and to piss on one of the greatest of Aryan myths this is a response to one of Wulf V`s reviews of the aforesaid TV show on Amazon UK and the rather politically correct anti-Aryan reply that he has received. Please note that "T Stone"[Stein?}admits to never having watched this piece of crap but is nevertheless offended by his remarks:-

Wulf V`s Review

This review is from: Merlin - Series 1 - Complete [DVD] [2008] (DVD)
This TV show has absolutely nothing to do with the King Arthur of British mythology.
Anybody expecting anything like a faithful retelling of the story will be severely disappointed. The acting is poor and the story lines mediocre. It is clearly aimed at children but is viewed at a time when most of them are or should be in bed.
Merlin is shown to be a servant of the young Prince Arthur and to be younger than him. Anyone familiar with Sir Thomas Malory`s Le Morte Darthur will know that not only was Merlin considerably older than Arthur but the prince was taken and raised by a foster father and had no knowledge of his royal birth until he drew Excalibur. The actor who plays Arthur is ineffectual and does not strike one as a hero.
Hardly any of the male characters look as if they came straight from the Middle or Dark Ages with their short modern hairstyles and clean shaven chins.
The greatest crime of all is the BBC`s attempt at social engineering, casting a black woman as Guinevere and furthermore portraying her as a maid rather than a noble woman. Is this BBC`s pathetic attempt at trying to convey Britain as always having been a multiracial society and a classless democracy where a prince would favour an unattractive maid of a different race over an atttractive princess of Nordic appearance[see episode six of series 3]? Don`t buy this absolute PC tosh!

"T Stone`s" Response

The series (Merlin) that is decried by this reviewer may be good or bad. I can't say, as I have not seen it. However, the review itself is abominable strictly on its own. It says nothing useful about the series but much about its author!

To begin with, citing Mallory as the canonical form of all things Arthurian ignores his place or any such author's role in the composition of one story that is drawn from a long tradition of others. Mallory did not invent Arthur; he inherited a vast collection of material from many lands and many eras, possibly dating back to the paleolithic period. He made constant editorial decisions to include some strrands of this material and exclude or change others. Once upon a time, I'd wager, Pendragon breathed fire and had scales, Morgan was indeed une fey. In this respect Mallory played an identical role to that of the monkish redactor of Beowulf or the authors of both testaments of Judaeo-Christian religion. More recently, J.R.R. Tolkien and Ms. Rowling have done the same to widespread praise. These folks, including Sir Thomas, can do pretty much what they want with the material, as long as they do it well and give us a great story.

Misunderstanding the transition of myth is one thing, the ridiculous and utterly misplaced rant against a supposed effort at "Social Engineering" (whatever that may be!) is downright blameworthy. The decision to cast a woman of color as Guinevere is a casting choice. It requires no comment at all given a suitable attitude to the color-blindedness which ought to characterize the attitude of any decent person. We have, after all, been asked to evaluate our neighbors by the contents of their character, not the color of their skin. It is particularly dismaying that the author of this review cites his feeling that a "Nordic Beauty", (whatever that is) would be the more rational choice. Didn't the author's antecedents fight a rather nasty war to forever dispel the myth of one physiology's claim of superiority over another?

Finally, his dismissal of an England of racial diversity and classlessness is his most dismaying error regarding the inspiration and the meaning of the tale of this once and future king. At its core and in its best retellings, the story of Arthur is about the quest of all people for their own Camelot, a kingdom where the lowly receive equal justice with the great, where might does not make right, where true peace enables a good life for all. At its center is the notion that such a place is not made from magical spells but by deeds of courage, compassion and wisdom. None of these qualities are the byproducts of social engineering but represent the shared hopes of all people of all classes, colors, eras and beliefs who seek the better life that is enshrined at the center of this great story.
[from tstone1046@aol.com]

Wulf V`s Response

You admit to never having watched a single episode of this TV series and yet you single out my post to comment on.
Are you implying that the inclusion of not just one but a considerable number of black actors in Merlin is a matter of complete chance, that no selection by racial criteria has occurred?
This is surely by design and one has to question the motivation of the script writers and the BBC in their attempts to distort Arthurian mythology. This is a rather pathetic attempt by overpaid middle class BBC executives in executing a political agenda at the expense of British-genuinely British taxpayers.
Also please don`t attempt to assume what my `antecedents` are: you have already guessed wrongly.
May I suggest that in future you take the trouble to research the material that is being reviewed before you venture to comment: it would carry more weight!

BBC-Bastardisation of British Culture

2010-11-14T10:19:00.007+01:00

The BBC have really excelled themselves in the piece of crap called Merlin on Saturday evenings which is now into series 3. According to the BBC Arthurian Britain had an immigrant problem. I caught sight of an episode last night and counted somewhere in the region of half a dozen negroes in a crowd scene.
If this travesty was not enough there was worse to come. They have cast a negress in the role of Guinevere and renamed her Gwen and have portrayed her as a lowly serving girl. How very `democratic`! How very `diverse` and `multicultural`. How `enriching`!
I do not normally use coarse language on my blogs but this time I am well and truly pissed off by this corporation of race traitors who have taken a mysterious and wonderful Aryan legend and pissed on it by socially engineering Dark Ages Britain into some kind of racial melting pot. Not only that but they have done it at British television licence payers` expense!
The BBC is the only service provider in this country who is authorised to charge people for a service that they have never asked for and do not want. It is time that the downtrodden British masses stopped paying their annual robber tax and told this corporation of pigs around the trough to seek some honest work.
Perhaps the script writer in his haste to socially engineer Aryan society overlooked one important fact. Guinevere is Welsh and means `fair one, white, soft, smooth`. Perhaps he would care to reply to this article and explain to us all how a negress can possible be described as `fair` and `white`?
Guinevere is a mythological contruct but even with mythological characters script writers should not take such shameful liberties in their quest to rewrite Aryan myth to make it more palatable to 21st century politically correct indoctrinated brain dead audiences.
Apart from this actress`s racial origins she cannot by any description be termed beautiful and no prince in his right mind would forego his future throne for a rather unattractive negress serving girl. It wouldn`t and didn`t happen. The purpose of royal marriage is for political and dynastic reasons not for some rosy feel good emotion.
If this wasn`t enough they have also portrayed Merin as a lowly servant and somewhat younger than Arthur. Again this is another shameful taking of liberties with the actual story.

The Inevitability of Ragnarok

2010-09-19T09:21:00.006+01:00

One thing that Germanic mythology teaches us is that Ragnarok is inevitable. The Norns spin the threads of Wyrd from the moment that we are born. We cannot escape our Wyrd but we can decide how we meet it and it is this aspect which determine the hero who is to become the Einheriar and the coward or nithing.
The Einheriar is by nature a lone wolf and stands apart from the crowd or the herd. Often he or she meets with a certain amount of hostility from others, particularly from the herds of human cattle or flocks of human sheep. For the lone wolf does not need the herd. He may at times seek out a pack of other wolves and combine forces with them for individual or collective strength but he does not instinctively need them. The purpose of the pack is collective security. The human sheep or cow however seeks to lose its individual identity amongst the collective out of sheer fear or psychological inadequacy. The weakling becomes subsumed by the shapeless mass. To reject the herd is to show real strength and individuality but it can also incur the wrath and hostility of weaker individuals because they come fact to face with their own weakness and inadequacy when they encounter the lone wolf. What the herd does not understand it fears and what it fears it attacks.
The herd by its very nature is stupid for it consists of stupid and weak individuals and they will go the way that Wyrd has dictated without any impact at all on the woof and weft of the web of Wyrd. The Einheriar cannot change his Wyrd anymore than the weakling and coward but he or she can have an inpact upon the web and consequently upon others.
Ragnarok is part of the Wyrd set for humanity, the gods and all of creation. It cannot be escaped but as Einheriar, called by Woden we can achieve for ourselves true immortality and become as gods in the coming Golden Age which follows Ragnarok.
Ragnarok has the etymological meaning of the final destiny of the gods from ragna[geneitive plural of regin-gods or ruling powers] and rok-end, fate]. The term was wrongly transcribed by Snorri Sturluson as Ragnarokr which has caused its general mistranslation into twilight of the gods[Wagner`s Goetterdaemmerung].
Woden chooses and calls out his Einheriar who have been destined by Wyrd to incarnate at a specific time and in a specific place in order to fulfill the will of the All Father.
It is not surprising that those who profess to be followers of Woden are strong individuals by nature who are distinct and seperate from the masses. It is these men and women who will one day share in the governance of the earth under the coming generation of gods.

The Eye of Sauron

2010-08-21T09:02:00.003+01:00

JRR Tolkien was not merely a writer of excellent fantasy novels and a highly qualified linguist but clearly a prophet. With his far seeing vision not only was he able to delve deeply into England`s past to recover lost mythological and metahistorical knowledge[gained through both exoteric and esoteric means] but was also able to see far into our future.
One recurring motif through his trilogy Lord of the Rings was the all seeing Eye of Sauron. Sauron, the Dark Lord of Mordor uses his all seeing eye to gather intelligence on his enemies, those who oppose his oppresive and life-denying regime.
Today here in Middle Earth[England in specific and Germania in general] a Dark Lord, unaccountable to the folk and of alien extrection governs for the benefit of himself and is in the process of turning all men into serfs in the aftermath of an economic crisis that he and his friends have caused, the international tribal and financial elite that owes no allegiance to anyone or any folk except to itself and has no goal other than our own enslavement and extermination.
By the use of his all-seeing eye[CCTV, satellites and the Internet] he is able to monitor the activities and expressed opinions of every single person who lives in Middle Earth. Those who actively oppose his genocidal regime are silenced via draconian laws which outlaw free speech and the right of collective protest and some unlucky ones are even assassinated by his secret service. Yes, state sponsored assassinations have and do take place in the UK or by the UK outside of its frontiers.
I see that the Home Secretary Theresa May has banned the right of native English people and their allies from demonstrating against the presence of hate filled muslim extremists who are tresspassing on our soil.
Sauron is too stupid to realise that the more oppressive his actions become and the more draconian his laws the greater the rebellion will be.
The native English folk have the power-even at this late hour to turn the tide against Sauron by mass civil disobedience. Laws which enslave the people that they are supposed to protect, ie the native English folk must be removed. As we cannot rely upon our self-serving `democratic` parliamentary pigs around the trough then we must as individuals and as a collective mass take peaceful action. A revolution occurred peacefully in eastern Germany-it can happen here too. All it takes is for the ordinary English man or woman to take the example of Tolkien`s hobbits and resist the oppressor. All it takes is for one collective kick for the whole rotten edifice to come crashing down.

Out of the Corruption of Women

2010-08-20T08:26:00.005+01:00

"Out of the corruption of women proceeds the confusion of castes; out of the confusion of castes proceeds the loss of memory, out of the loss of memory proceeds the loss of understanding, and out of this all evil.".[Bhagavad Gita,1:41]
The most ancient of Aryan sacred texts have predicted the widespread racial mixing that we unfortunately find today throughout the Aryan world and note that it is the Aryan countries that tend to be mainly afflicted by this problem.
Christianity has for centuries been a major cause of our emasculation as a race and its life denying and race denying precepts have become the foundation of modern humanism with its pity for the weak, the degraded and the diseased. It has encouraged the survival and the propagation of the weakest elements of our race and has helped to open the floodgates for the literal invasion of the most diverse and inferior of human races to colonise our lands which were made sacred by the shedding of the blood of our ancestors. Within a single generation our politicians have done the unthinkable. They have given away without a fight our holy Aryan lands to racial aliens who now have started to not only seduce our women but to dictate to the indigenous Aryan peoples their `rights` and our `obligations`.
The late great statesman Enoch Powell worded this state of affairs better than I ever could:
"In this country in 16 or 20 years time the black man will have the whip hand over the white man". When he uttered those words it was 1968 and the problem was not as deeply entrenched as it is now 42 years later and it is inevitable that it will get worse because the global capitalists who line the pockets of Britain`s treasonous politicians have the goal of bastardising the entire world in their desire to have a single global coffee coloured market place for the sale of their shoddy plastic goods.
Enoc Powell went further and predicted the likely outcome of this forced `integration`: "As I look ahead I am filled with foreboding. Like the Roman, I seem to see the River Tiber foaming with much blood." The balkanisation of Britain and Europe as a whole will inevitably result in inter racial conflict and we have seen plenty of that in the last 40 years and from what I can see it is likely to intensify. It is unnatural, indeed against nature for racially diverse peoples to live alongside one another. Their racial experiment is failing and one look at the Americas will show you what is in store for Britain and Europe tomorrow.
Th weak link in the chain is the female of our race who has been indoctrinated via vile women`s magazines and television soap dramas into thinking that they must prove themselves not to be racist and the ultimate way of proving this is to copulate with a negro. Indeed such unnatural relationships are not only condoned these days but actively encouraged-all part of the international bankers` and global capitalists` plan to bastardise the race of light and culture-the Aryan race.
Europe`s popular music is infected with the sight of Aryans behaving like American gun-toting `gangsta` black men and all this crap is presented in the media as `culture`. The ultimate role model today is the western wigger and it is coming to a country near you.
Now that the bankers who control the USA have saturated Europe with this filth they have recently turned their sights on to the muslim world and those countries who resist their deadly ideology will go the way of Germany in 1945. First they use military might to conquer, then they replace the country`s regime, introduce `democracy` and all its related anti-values and then move straight in with the Coca-Cola and Macdonalds stars and stripes moronic anti-culture.
They know that if they can reach the female of our race and indoctrinate her with all this anti-life ideology they know that future generations will become indoctrinated with their `western values`.
The collapse of communism in eastern Europe resulted in an ideological vacuum, ripe for the American invasion. Now eastern Europe too is enjoying the wonderful results of multicultural diversity in the form of drugs, miscegination, `gangsta rap`, plastic shoddy goods and fast food.

The Kali Yuga and the Aryan Response

2010-08-15T08:49:00.010+01:00

The ancient Aryans certainly were familiar with and were indeed the creators of the doctrine of the ages and had a cyclical view of time.
We know for certain that the ancient Greeks, Indo-Aryans and the Persians had such a doctrine.
The Greek philosopher Hesiod[8th century BCE] set out the Ages of Man in his Works and Days. The Greeks named the four ages after certain metals-gold, silver, bronze and iron. Just as the metals degrade in value from gold down to iron so does the quality of mankind degrades.
In the Golden Age man walked with the Gods. This was the age of Chronus when there was peace, plenty and harmony. The Old Testament of the Bible captures the essence of this myth with the story of the Garden of Eden when Adam and Eve walked with God and enjoyed innocent communion with him. The Indo-Aryans termed this age the Satya or Krta Yuga.
In the Silver Age the rule of Chronus was replaced by that of Zeus and death entered into the world just as in the Garden of Eden with Adam`s eating of the forbidden fruit he lost his immortality and became subject to decay and death. Not only mankind but the whole of creation began a process of decay. Men became impious and began to defy the Gods just as Adam defied his God. However men still lived long lives. The Indo-Aryans referred to this age as the Treta Yuga.
In the Bronze Age war between men became prevalent and it is from this age that we find many of our ancient Aryan heroes lived such as Hercules. The Illiad and the Odyssey recount some of the deeds of this era. However Hesiod chooses to insert an intermediary age, an Age of Heroes between the Bronze and Iron Ages. It is in this age he chooses to position the great Bronze Age heroes and he portrays this age as a temporary halt in man`s decline and Indeed as an improvement upon the previous one. This goes against the grain of the concept of man`s continual degradation and clearly is of Hesiod`s own making rather than the transmission of an ancient truth.
The Roman Ovid[first century BCE to first century CE] speaks of only four ages. The Indo-Aryans referred to this age as the Dvapara Yuga.
For those who are interested in studying this subject in greater depth and scope I recommend Julius Evola`s Revolt Against the Modern World.
The last age is the Iron Age, that which the Indo-Aryans refer to as the Kali Yuga and in this age all traditional values are inverted: the good are referred to as evil and the evil good. There is constant warfare and violence between men, including those of blood kin. There is general rebellion between generations and castes and all that is good and decent is overturned. In this age men and women commit shameful acts, homosexuality and other perversions is rife. Social contracts are broken and divorce is common. Miscegination is to be found between all races and especially afflicted are the Aryan peoples who have suffered unprecedented levels of immigration from the most racially diverse peoples . Truth is presented as falsehood and lies are elevated to truth. No one can trust his neighbour and in the words of the New Testament of the Bible a man`s enemies are those of his own household. We must remember that even in the Bible there are some great truths to be found as the Jews stole many of their concepts and stories from the Aryans who took them into captivity and amongst whom they lived, most especially the Medes and Persians and as such Aryan teaching can be found within the Bible but one must be discerning and be able to sort the wheat from the chaff. For instance it is clear that the dream of the prophet Daniel which was told to the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar was clearly stolen from the Aryans and misused as Jewish propaganda.
In the dream Daniel has a vision of the four ages in the form of a great statue with a golden head, a silver chest and arms, a belly and thighs of bronze and legs of iron and its feet partly of iron and baked clay.
The ancient Teutons referred to this age as the Iron or Wolf Age.
Even in the Nordic Eddas we have a glimpse of these various ages. The authors of The Asatru Edda actually deliberately represent the Eddic material in four sections:
The Ur Aldr
The Gull Aldr
The Silfr Aldr
The Koppar Aldr
The Jarn Aldr
The Ulfr Aldr
The second to fourth ages relate to the Gold, Silver, Bronze and Iron Ages but they choose to insert two additional ones, the Ur Aldr or Primaeval Age and the Ulfr Aldr, the Wolf Age. Clearly the Ur Aldr and the Gull Aldr could and should be grouped together as one age or two sub divisions of one age just as the Jarn or Ulfr Aldrs should be grouped together as one age, the Iron/Wolf Age or the Kali Yuga or sub divisions of that one age.
Our observations of general everyday life and our understanding of history is sufficient for us to realise that we are indeed living in the Kali Yuga but what if anything can be done about this and what should our proper response be?
I believe that the answer is to be found in Julius Evola`s Riding the Tiger: "When a cycle of civilization is reaching its end, it is difficult to achieve anything by resisting it and by directly opposing the forces in motion. The current is too strong; one would be overwhelmed. The essential thing is not to let oneself be impressed by the omnipotence and apparent triumph of the forces of the epoch. These forces, devoid of connection with any higher principle, are in fact on a short chain. One should not become fixated on the present and on things at hand, but keep in view the conditions that mat come about in the future. Thus the principle to follow could be that of letting the forces and processes of this epoch to take their own course, while keeping oneself firm and ready to intervene when "the tiger, which cannot leap on the person riding it, is tired of running." The Christian injunction "Resist not evil" may have a similar meaning, if taken in a very particular way. One abandons direct action and retreats to a more internal position."[Chapter 2 of Riding the Tiger]
The only event which can bring this age to a close and for a new Golden Age to arise is the coming of what the Indo-Aryans call the avenger, the Kalki Avatar, the final incarnation of "He who comes back". "When justice is crushed, when evil is triumphant, then I come back. For thw protection of the good, for the destruction of evildoers, for the establishment of the Reign of Righteousness. I am born again and again, age after age."[The Bhagavad-Gita IV Verses 7 and 3]
I intend to focus more on the Kalki Avatar in a future article on this blog and how He is portrayed in different religious and mythical traditions.

Europe`s Betrayal of the Aryan Weltanschauung

2010-08-01T08:27:00.007+01:00

The situation that we face in Europe today-the extermination of the Aryan peoples and the Nordic sub race in particular is the direct consequence of the defiance of Germany`s mission to Europe from 1933 to 1945.
The United Kingdom and their political and economic masters in Washington and New York saw to it that the Aryan people`s greatest and possibly only attempt at redeeming itself from biological extinction was quashed.
In the name of `freedom` they enslaved the German people. In the name of `democracy` they outlawed the German people`s right to freedom of political expression. In the name of `self determination` they forbade the union of the German peoples of Germany and Austria in contravention of the United Nations Charter which guarantees `self determination`of peoples but obviously not for those of German blood.
All causes have an effect and all effects have a cause.
Britain in particular and western Europe in general are awash with parasites and criminals from all corners of the globe seeking to sponge off the indigenous populations. In times past these invaders would have met armed resistance but in 2010 Britain welcomes with open arms these invaders and does nothing to prevent it. The likely end result is that within 50 years the native British peoples will become a despised minority[as opposed to being a despised majority today] living in ghettos or reservations like the American Indians. At least the Indians have this to their credit-they resisted the invaders. By contrast the British peoples have done nothing except a minority may vote from time to time for the BNP but otherwise they do nothing. They have betrayed their ancestors and even worse their descendants who face a bleak future if one at all.
This destruction of Britain I view as the effect of their destruction of our race`s golden opportunity to save itself and to usher in a new Golden Age. Instead of a Satya Yuga we face a Kali Yuga where miscegination, whoredom, criminality and violence are rife. We would have faced none of these things if Britain`s treasonous politicians had not waged war against Germany and rejected her offers of an alliance or an `understanding`.
Sooner or later this Kali Yuga will end but when and how I do not know but end violently it is bound to do.
Our response? We must as Aryans-racially awakened Aryans at that resist the downward forces and act as men against time[see Savitri Devi`s The Lightning and the Sun] regardless of the fruits of our actions. What matters is that we become men of action and maintain our integrity and Ride the Tiger[Julius Evola]. We must as Aryans copy the example laid down for us in the Bhagavad Gita and act with detachment and not with passion, becoming men and women of iron and self discipline.
We need to breed and raise a new Iron Youth and educate them in our Weltanschauung if there is to be any hope for the next 100 years.

The Use of Holy Symbols in the Manipulation of the Collective Unconscious

2010-06-05T09:29:00.004+01:00

This posting is intended to follow on naturally from the previous one where I touched slightly upon the issue of symbolism.
A symbol is worth a thousand words for it is a means for direct communication with the Collective Unconscious in the same way that a trance or a dream can be viwed as a portal to this world. The Unconscious uses a different form of language than the Conscious and at the same time is a deep reservoir of ancestral and ancient racial archetypes and imagery.
This fact was well known by the mystics of the Third Reich who deliberately manipulated the holy signs and symbols of the pre-christian Germanic peoples and used them both during their spectacular mass festivals but also in everyday life. Not only did the Volk become accustomed to these symbols but in many people they evoked a certain emotional and psychological response, something which in most cases could not be adequately articulated but had a direct effect upon their Conscious mind. The exposure on a daily basis to these symbols, whether they be runes or various forms of the swastika/fylfot/Hakenkreuz started to condition the individual minds and the collective mind of the masses to a certain folkish predisposition.
Even those people who were not ardent National Socialists or were even cynical of the regime and idelogy nevertheless responded in a certain way to these symbols if they ethnically belonged to the Volk.
This is a lesson for us to learn today. We must start to play our apart in exposing the masses to our holy symbols and indeed those of us who have children should also ensure that they are also exposed to these symbols. Initially exposure in itself is sufficient. Later on when they are old enough to understand on a conscious level we should start to explain the teaching and lore behind them.